GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句解析：關(guān)于群落捕食速率的研究

　　1. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.

　　由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進(jìn)行的研究，對(duì)自然條件下的群落捕食速率進(jìn)行了估計(jì)，其手段是通過(guò)測(cè)量出實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)單獨(dú)的浮游動(dòng)物種類的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草動(dòng)物種群密度，計(jì)算出實(shí)地狀況下的群落捕食速率。

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　解釋：本句對(duì)閱讀者的閱讀能力提出了更高的要求，不但要求讀者讀清楚句子的復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，而且對(duì)讀者的詞匯能力也提出了更高的要求。

　　By以前結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)需解釋，by以后有兩個(gè)作介詞賓語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，measuring和后面表示并列和順接的and then之后的computing,說(shuō)的是計(jì)算方法;前一個(gè)measuring說(shuō)的是先算出實(shí)驗(yàn)室中浮游動(dòng)物品種的單位捕食速率，后面的 computing前其實(shí)省略了一個(gè)by,而且在這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還包括一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)using the known population density of grazers,用已知的捕食者的種群密度計(jì)算出其野外的群體捕食速率。整個(gè)的by以后的計(jì)算過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單了就是：實(shí)驗(yàn)室單位速率×野外密度=野外群體速率。

　　另外本句中的詞匯也頗有迷惑性;雖然沒(méi)有太難的單詞，但是很多單詞都是同義詞和反義詞，容易讓人讀混(斜線分隔同義詞，冒號(hào)分隔反義詞)。

　　estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of　individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.

　　2. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance, that is, in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively, of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.

　　在浮游動(dòng)物數(shù)量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，對(duì)于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言，分別為每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%。

　　難句類型：插入語(yǔ)

　　解釋：句中有兩組插入語(yǔ)，每組兩個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，尤其是第二組，把rate of從中間劈開(kāi)。不過(guò)因?yàn)榫淞x尚好理解，所以本句只是有一點(diǎn)別扭，但不算太難。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance, that is, in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.