GRE閱讀考試技巧解析

　　The anti-foundationalist belief that there is no secure basis for knowledge was worked out philosophically in the somewhat wearisome tracts of Jacques Derrida. Difference. Derrida tells us is the idea that any attempts to discuss universal features of human nature are merely products of local standards, often serving the vested interests of the status quo, and should rightly be dismantled and critiqued. Derrida was considered the originator of a profound challenge to the history of human thought. However, a century before Derrida. Darwin's theory of natural selection had made anti-foundationalism almost an inevitable consequence. From an evolutionary point of view, our understanding of the world depends on earlier and less-developed forms of understanding; meaning is continuously referred or deferred to other terms or experiences.

　　1. Select the sentence which states a position with which the author does NOT agree.

　　答案：Derrida was considered the originator of a profound challenge to the history of human thought.

　　解析：這句話是說(shuō)：D這個(gè)人是anti-f這個(gè)的始祖，然而這個(gè)是和the history of human thought是相反的。然后后面馬上就跟了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞however，所以很顯然了，這句話就是我們要選的。然后我們?cè)僮屑?xì)看一下后面說(shuō)了什么。他說(shuō)在Derrida之前，達(dá)爾文已經(jīng)證實(shí)了anti-f是不可避免的結(jié)果an inevitable consequence，所以Derrida不可能是anti-f的originator。

　　2. The passage implies that which of the following beliefs is embraced by anti-foundationalists?

　　A. In many cases humans cannot be completely secure in thinking that they fully understand a given situation.

　　B. The meaning of an experience can best be understood outside the cultural context in which it occurs.

　　C. Those who are part of the status quo are best able to dismantle and critique society.

　　D. Derrida’s work would not have been possible without the prior ruminations of Darwin a century earlier.

　　E. Darwin’s faith in the status quo is sufficient grounds to develop universal truths about cultural experiences.

　　答案：A是正確的

　　解析：作者認(rèn)為anti-f的人認(rèn)為there is no secure basis for knowledge，所以A是正確的。并且，作者認(rèn)為，D的觀點(diǎn)是關(guān)于人類(lèi)本性的通性的任何說(shuō)法都是基于local standards，所以說(shuō)要想理解，就一定要基于文化背景，所以B是錯(cuò)的。C錯(cuò)誤的引用了文章的信息。至于D，盡管文章說(shuō)達(dá)爾文的理論使得Derrida的理論順理成章的正確，但是D選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法太過(guò)于絕對(duì)。E選項(xiàng)是混淆選項(xiàng)，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)與anti-f的理論并沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系。