你在考慮申請(qǐng)反向抵押貸款嗎?誰應(yīng)該考慮這樣做，誰不應(yīng)該這樣做

你在考慮申請(qǐng)反向抵押貸款嗎?誰應(yīng)該考慮這樣做，誰不應(yīng)該這樣做

The reputation of reverse mortgages has had its ups and downs since they were first piloted by the Reagan administration.

自里根(Reagan)政府首次嘗試反向抵押貸款以來，它的名聲一直起伏不定。

A financial tool that allows older people to tap home equity and age in place, reverse mortgages can free up cash in retirement and, in some cases, eliminate a monthly mortgage payment.

反向抵押貸款是一種允許老年人利用房屋凈值和年齡的金融工具，它可以在退休時(shí)釋放現(xiàn)金，在某些情況下，還可以免除每月的抵押貸款支付。

Recent reforms have helped to correct many flaws that left vulnerable borrowers at risk, but some issues remain. Borrowers who took out reverse mortgages before protections were enacted are more susceptible to getting in trouble, while problems with inflated appraisals and confusing marketing still plague newer mortgages.

最近的改革已經(jīng)幫助糾正了許多讓脆弱的借款人面臨風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的缺陷，但仍存在一些問題。在保護(hù)措施實(shí)施之前就申請(qǐng)了反向抵押貸款的借款人更容易陷入麻煩，而估值過高和營銷混亂的問題仍然困擾著較新的抵押貸款。

“Ultimately, it’s another financial tool that’s neither good or bad. It just depends on how you use it,” said Joshua Nelson, a certified financial planner at Keystone Financial. “Educate yourself and put together a complete financial plan. Without a plan, it can be destructive.”

“說到底，這是另一種既不好也不壞的金融工具。這完全取決于你如何使用它，”Keystone financial的注冊(cè)理財(cái)規(guī)劃師約書亞尼爾森(Joshua Nelson)說。“自我教育，制定一個(gè)完整的財(cái)務(wù)計(jì)劃。沒有計(jì)劃，它可能是毀滅性的。”

Here’s what you should know.

以下是你應(yīng)該知道的。

What is a reverse mortgage?

什么是反向抵押貸款?

Perhaps the best way to understand a reverse mortgage is to compare it to a regular mortgage.

也許理解反向抵押貸款的最好方法是將其與普通抵押貸款進(jìn)行比較。

Both are loans backed by your house that must be repaid to the lender. But with a regular mortgage, you’re given funds upfront to buy a house and you must begin repaying those borrowed funds right away every month for a set number of years.

這兩種貸款都是由你的房子擔(dān)保的，必須償還給貸款人。但是有了定期的抵押貸款，你就有了買房的前期資金，你必須在規(guī)定的年限內(nèi)每月立即償還貸款。

With a reverse mortgage, you're tapping the home equity you've built up by getting a loan against it. The funds are given as an upfront lump sum payment, over monthly payments, or as a line of credit that you repay only when you sell the house or pass away. There are no monthly payments.

有了反向抵押貸款，你就可以利用抵押貸款積累起來的房屋凈值。這筆錢是一次性付清的，每月支付，或者是你只有在賣掉房子或去世時(shí)才償還的信用額度。沒有月供。

Most reverse mortgages are backed by the Federal Housing Administration and overseen by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. They are called home equity conversion mortgages (HECM).

大多數(shù)反向抵押貸款由聯(lián)邦住房管理局(Federal Housing Administration)支持，并由住房和城市發(fā)展部(Department of Housing and Urban Development)監(jiān)管。它們被稱為房屋產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)換抵押貸款(HECM)。

Who can get one?

誰能得到一個(gè)?

Borrowers: Reverse mortgages were designed for older people to tap their home equity to increase their monthly cash flow without the burden of monthly payments. To qualify for a reverse mortgage, you must be at least 62 years old. Potential borrowers also must go through a home counseling session to ensure that they fully understand the ins and outs of a reverse mortgage.

借款人:反向抵押貸款是為老年人設(shè)計(jì)的，他們可以利用房屋凈值來增加每月的現(xiàn)金流，而無需承擔(dān)每月還款的負(fù)擔(dān)。要獲得反向抵押貸款的資格，你必須至少62歲。潛在的借款人還必須通過家庭咨詢，以確保他們完全了解反向抵押貸款的來由。

House: Reverse mortgages are for primary residences only. Investment properties and vacation homes don’t qualify. You must live at the property for more than six months of the year.

房屋:反向抵押貸款只適用于主要住宅。投資房產(chǎn)和度假屋不符合條件。你必須一年住在這所房子里六個(gè)月以上。

Typically, you can’t borrow more than 80% of your home’s value, up to the FHA maximum of $726,525 for 2019. Generally, the older you are, the more you can borrow. The rule of thumb on the percent you can borrow is your age minus 12, said John Stearns, a senior loan officer with American Fidelity Mortgage Services.

通常情況下，你借的錢不能超過房屋價(jià)值的80%，直到2019年聯(lián)邦住房管理局規(guī)定的最高貸款額726,525美元。一般來說，你年齡越大，你能借的錢就越多。美國富達(dá)抵押貸款服務(wù)公司(American Fidelity Mortgage Services)高級(jí)信貸員約翰·斯特恩斯(John Stearns)說，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷，你的貸款利率是- 12歲。

“Say someone is 80, take 12 away, that’s 68,” he said. “So, they are looking at getting a loan that’s worth 68% of their home’s value.”

他說:“假設(shè)有人80歲，減去12歲，等于68歲。”“因此，他們希望獲得一筆相當(dāng)于房屋價(jià)值68%的貸款。”

Obligations: You’re also required to pay property taxes, homeowner’s insurance and mortgage insurance premium in addition to maintaining the house. Your lender will evaluate whether you have enough disposable income to meet these obligations. In some cases, lenders may require that some of the equity from the reverse mortgage is set aside to pay those expenses going forward.

義務(wù):除了維護(hù)房屋外，你還需要繳納財(cái)產(chǎn)稅、房主保險(xiǎn)和抵押貸款保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。貸款人會(huì)評(píng)估你是否有足夠的可支配收入來履行這些義務(wù)。在某些情況下，貸款人可能會(huì)要求從反向抵押貸款中提取一部分權(quán)益，用于支付未來的這些費(fèi)用。