灰塵到底是怎么來(lái)的？

Dust is a big component of the exposome.What particles are you inhaling and ingesting as you go about your day?

灰塵是暴露物的一個(gè)重要組成部分。在你一天的生活中，你吸入和攝入的是什么微粒?

About one-third of household dust is created inside your home.The components differ depending on the construction and age of your home,the climate and the cleaning and smoking habits of occupants,so there’s no standard formula for dust.

大約三分之一的家庭灰塵是在家里產(chǎn)生的。這些組成部分的不同取決于你家的結(jié)構(gòu)和年齡，氣候和居住者的清潔和吸煙習(xí)慣，所以沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的灰塵公式。

First,you and your pets generate some of that detritus.Sloughed off human skin cells are part of the debris.So are pet skin cells,called dander,and dust mites that feed on skin–both of which are strong human allergens.

首先，你和你的寵物產(chǎn)生了一些碎片。脫落的人體皮膚細(xì)胞是碎片的一部分。寵物皮膚細(xì)胞也一樣，被稱(chēng)為皮屑，以及以皮膚為食的塵螨——這兩種都是強(qiáng)烈的人類(lèi)過(guò)敏原。

Overall,you can be sure that your dust also includes some decomposed insects,food debris(especially in the kitchen),fibers from carpet,bedding and clothes,and particulate matter from smoking and cooking.We hope our 360 Dust Analysis program will help solve more of the riddle of just what else goes into dust.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，你可以確定你的灰塵還包括一些腐爛的昆蟲(chóng)、食物殘?jiān)?尤其是在廚房里)、地毯、床上用品和衣服上的纖維以及吸煙和烹飪時(shí)產(chǎn)生的微粒物質(zhì)。我們希望我們的360度灰塵分析程序?qū)椭鉀Q更多的其他進(jìn)入灰塵的謎團(tuán)。

So far,so gross.And there are humanmade chemicals in the mix as well.For decades,manufacturers have chemically treated clothing and furniture with flame retardants and surface protectants.In fact,for some time,the flame retardants were required by law in furniture and children’s sleepwear.

到目前為止，這太惡心了。在混合物中也有人類(lèi)制造的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。幾十年來(lái)，制造商用阻燃劑和表面保護(hù)劑對(duì)衣服和家具進(jìn)行了化學(xué)處理。事實(shí)上，在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，阻燃劑被法律要求用于家具和兒童睡衣。

But then researchers started identifying them in human blood and tissue,and even newborns showed evidence of exposure in utero.How did these molecules end up in people’s bodies?Mostly via inhalation or ingestion of indoor dust.

但后來(lái)研究人員開(kāi)始在人體血液和組織中對(duì)其進(jìn)行鑒定，甚至新生兒也有子宮內(nèi)暴露的證據(jù)。這些分子是如何進(jìn)入人體的?主要通過(guò)吸入或吸入室內(nèi)灰塵。

Here’s one place new science and new techniques are starting to raise serious health red flags.A flurry of research is currently underway to determine the potential toxicity of these chemicals in the human system.Scientists are also developing new techniques using wearables,such as silicone wrist bands,to determine the relationship between these dust sources and how much of them winds up in a person’s body.

這里有一個(gè)地方，新的科學(xué)和新的技術(shù)開(kāi)始引起嚴(yán)重的健康危險(xiǎn)。目前正在進(jìn)行一系列研究，以確定這些化學(xué)品在人體系統(tǒng)中的潛在毒性?？茖W(xué)家們也在開(kāi)發(fā)新的技術(shù)，利用可穿戴設(shè)備，如硅膠腕帶，來(lái)確定這些粉塵源與人體內(nèi)有多少粉塵源之間的關(guān)系。

To get a full picture of dust sources and hazards,you need to consider the other two-thirds of the indoor dust load,which actually come from outside.This dirt and dust is tracked in on shoes and on the feet and fur of pets.It blows in through open windows and doorways and vents.And it ranges in size and composition from gritty silt to irritating pollen to the finest of soil particles.

為了全面了解粉塵源和危害，您需要考慮室內(nèi)粉塵負(fù)荷的三分之二，這實(shí)際上來(lái)自室外。這些灰塵和灰塵被追蹤到鞋子、寵物的腳和皮毛上。它從打開(kāi)的窗戶(hù)、門(mén)口和通風(fēng)口吹進(jìn)來(lái)。它的大小和成分也各不相同，從砂質(zhì)粉土到刺激花粉，再到最細(xì)小的土壤顆粒。

One of the most widespread health issues related to outdoor sources is lead.This potent neurotoxin has accumulated to sometimes extremely high levels in soils and dust after a century of emissions from industrial sources,vehicles burning leaded gasoline and degraded lead-based paints.The hazard is particularly great in cities and near mining or other industrial point sources of lead.

其中一個(gè)最普遍的健康問(wèn)題與戶(hù)外來(lái)源是鉛。經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的工業(yè)排放，燃燒含鉛汽油的車(chē)輛和含鉛油漆的降解，這種強(qiáng)大的神經(jīng)毒素在土壤和灰塵中積累到了有時(shí)極高的水平。在城市和靠近采礦或其他工業(yè)點(diǎn)的鉛源，這種危害尤其嚴(yán)重。

Lead-contaminated soils,and dust generated from them,are tightly linked to lead poisoning of children.Owing to their active neural development,lead can permanently disable exposed children.

鉛污染的土壤以及由此產(chǎn)生的灰塵與兒童鉛中毒密切相關(guān)。由于他們積極的神經(jīng)發(fā)育，鉛可以永久性地使暴露的兒童殘疾。

In the drive to prevent lead poisoning,scientists have focused on what they call point sources:relatively easily identifiable things like peeling paint and lead water pipes.Soil and dust exposures are less well known.

在防止鉛中毒的過(guò)程中，科學(xué)家們把注意力集中在他們所稱(chēng)的點(diǎn)源上：相對(duì)容易識(shí)別的東西，如油漆剝落和鉛水管。土壤和灰塵的暴露不太為人所知。