DIY口罩的最佳材料

Scientists now say they know the best material for DIY face masks.

科學家們表示，現在他們已經知道了DIY口罩的最佳材料。

The coronavirus pandemic has prompted a heated debate over the efficacy of DIY masks made of materials commonly found at home. Now, a new study published in the journal Physics of Fluids on Tuesday claims to have found the optimal homemade mask design.

冠狀病毒大流行引發(fā)了一場關于自制口罩功效的激烈辯論，自制口罩的材料通常是在家里發(fā)現的。現在，周二發(fā)表在《流體物理學》雜志上的一項新研究聲稱，他們找到了最佳的自制口罩設計。

Researchers compared four makeshift face-mask styles, which they considered accessible options for most: a bandanna tied over the nose and mouth; a loosely folded handkerchief; a cone-style commercial mask; and a fitted, sewn mask made of two layers of quilting fabric.

研究人員比較了四種簡易口罩樣式，他們認為這是大多數人都可以選擇的:用頭巾綁在鼻子和嘴上;折疊松散的手帕;錐形的商業(yè)口罩;以及由兩層絎縫布縫制的口罩。

Much to the delight of many an American grandmother, the quilt fabric performed best as a protective shield against respiratory droplets.

令許多美國祖母感到高興的是，這種棉被織物作為呼吸道飛沫的防護屏障效果最好。

“While there are a few prior studies on the effectiveness of medical-grade equipment, we don’t have a lot of information about the cloth-based coverings that are most accessible to us at present,” said study author Siddhartha Verma, assistant professor at Florida Atlantic University in a statement.

佛羅里達大西洋大學的助教，研究作者Siddhartha Verma在一份聲明中說:“雖然之前有一些關于醫(yī)療級設備有效性的研究，但我們對目前最容易獲得的基于布料的覆蓋物沒有很多信息。”

With mask-wearing mannequins as human stand-ins, researchers employed a smoke generator with a manual pump to mimic coughs and sneezes. A laser and camera were set up to detect and capture the path of the “respiratory droplets.”

研究人員用戴著口罩的人體模型作為替身，使用帶有手動泵的煙霧發(fā)生器來模仿咳嗽和打噴嚏。安裝了激光和攝像機來探測和捕捉“飛沫”的路徑。

Without a mask, droplets from the simulated cough flew more than 8 feet and up to 12. They traveled 3 feet when the bandanna was worn; 15 inches with the folded handkerchief; and 8 inches with the surgical-grade masks.

在沒有戴口罩的情況下，模擬咳嗽的飛沫飛出去了8英尺多，最遠可達12英尺。帶頭巾時飛出去了3英尺;使用折疊手帕時是15英寸;外科口罩為8英寸。

The stitched, two-ply quilt mask, however, halted droplets after just 2 and ? inches.

不過，雙層絎縫口罩僅在2.5英寸后就阻止了飛沫。

Why quilted? The study suggests that the masks made with quilting fabric fit faces better than loosely tied material. Plus, sturdy two-ply material gives a mask an added layer of protection, other studies have shown.

為什么絎縫?研究表明，用絎縫織物制作的口罩比用松散的材料制作的口罩更適合面部。另外，其他研究表明，堅固的兩層材料可以給口罩提供額外的保護。

They also pointed out that a higher thread count was not commensurate with success: The bandanna had the highest thread count of other cloths used, yet was least effective.

他們還指出，并不是線數越高效果越好:在使用的其他布料中，頭巾的線數最高，但效果最差。