這就是為什么你需要注射流感疫苗

這就是為什么你需要注射流感疫苗

It's never too late to benefit from a flu shot, even into December and January, says Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt School of Medicine in Nashville.

納什維爾范德比爾特醫(yī)學(xué)院的傳染病專家威廉·沙夫納博士說，接種流感疫苗永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚，即使是在12月和1月。

"Giving influenza vaccine to people with heart disease, for example, is as important as giving them a statin," Schaffner says, yet many people living with chronic illness — and even many of their health care providers — don't realize how vital flu vaccination is to managing their condition.

沙夫納說:“舉個(gè)例子，給心臟病患者注射流感疫苗和給他們注射他汀類藥物一樣重要。”然而，許多慢性病患者，甚至他們的許多醫(yī)療保健提供者，都沒有意識(shí)到流感疫苗對(duì)控制病情的重要性。

"Effectiveness" only refers to the ability of the vaccine to prevent illness, and the vaccine does so much more than that," says Dr. LJ Tan, chief strategy officer for the nonprofit Immunization Action Coalition, based in St. Paul, Minn.

明尼蘇達(dá)州圣保羅的非營利免疫行動(dòng)聯(lián)盟的首席戰(zhàn)略官LJ譚博士說，“有效性”只是指疫苗預(yù)防疾病的能力，而疫苗的作用遠(yuǎn)不止于此。

Extra benefits from the flu shot for certain groups

對(duì)特定人群注射流感疫苗的額外好處

In older adults, the flu shot prevents the loss of quality of life that can result from influenza complications, Tan says. That protection is also important for people with chronic conditions beyond heart disease, such as diabetes, asthma, and lung or liver disease. Doctors say flu shots are also indicated for patients with suppressed immune systems and for most people who have an autoimmune condition.

譚說，在老年人中，流感疫苗可以防止流感并發(fā)癥導(dǎo)致的生活質(zhì)量下降。這種保護(hù)對(duì)患有心臟病以外的慢性疾病的人也很重要，這些疾病包括糖尿病、哮喘、肺病或肝病。醫(yī)生表示，流感疫苗也適用于免疫系統(tǒng)受到抑制的患者和大多數(shù)自身免疫性疾病患者。

Flu cases don't typically peak until well after the start of the new year, but infections often begin picking up in December. Most children each year who die from the flu had not been vaccinated, and many were healthy until their infection.

流感病例通常要到新年伊始很長一段時(shí)間后才會(huì)達(dá)到高峰，但感染通常會(huì)在12月份開始增加。每年死于流感的大多數(shù)兒童都沒有接種疫苗，很多人在感染之前都很健康。

Why myths about flu and flu shots persist

為什么關(guān)于流感和流感疫苗的謬論仍然存在

Too often, doctors say, people shy away from the shot because they've heard falsehoods or misconceptions about the flu vaccine.

醫(yī)生們說，人們常常因?yàn)槁牭接嘘P(guān)流感疫苗的謊言或誤解而回避注射疫苗。

"When you repeat a myth often enough, it takes on its own life," Tan says. Inaccurate information seems more prevalent for the flu vaccine than for any other vaccine, he says, likely because it's the only one recommended for nearly everyone, every year.

譚說:“當(dāng)你經(jīng)常重復(fù)一個(gè)神話時(shí)，它就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。”他說，與其他疫苗相比，流感疫苗的不準(zhǔn)確信息似乎更為普遍，這可能是因?yàn)樗敲磕晡ㄒ槐煌扑]給幾乎所有人的疫苗。

Some myths are simply misconstrued — from a kernel of truth.

有些謬論只是從真理的核心被誤解了。

For example, Schaffner says, one of the leading reasons people opt out of the vaccine is that they don't think it works well enough. The flu shot's effectiveness does, in fact, fluctuate quite a bit from year to year.

沙夫納說，例如，人們選擇不接種疫苗的主要原因之一是他們認(rèn)為疫苗的效果不夠好。事實(shí)上，流感疫苗的效果每年都會(huì)有相當(dāng)大的波動(dòng)。

Need more reasons to get vaccinated? Here are five of the most common myths about flu shots.

需要更多的理由接種疫苗嗎?以下是關(guān)于流感疫苗最常見的5個(gè)誤區(qū)。

1. Can getting the flu vaccine give you the flu or make you sick?

注射流感疫苗會(huì)讓你患上流感或生病嗎?

Fact: The flu shot can't give you the flu.

事實(shí):流感疫苗不會(huì)讓你患上流感。

2. Aren't deaths from the flu exaggerated?

死于流感的人是不是被夸大了?

Fact: Deaths from influenza range from a few thousand to tens of thousands every U.S. flu season.

事實(shí):美國每個(gè)流感季節(jié)死于流感的人數(shù)從幾千到幾萬不等。

3. Don't flu vaccines contain dangerous ingredients, such as mercury, formaldehyde and antifreeze?

流感疫苗是否含有危險(xiǎn)成分，如汞、甲醛和防凍劑?

Fact: Flu shot ingredients do not pose a risk to most people.

事實(shí):流感疫苗成分不會(huì)對(duì)大多數(shù)人構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

4. Should pregnant women avoid the flu shot?

孕婦應(yīng)該避免注射流感疫苗嗎?

Fact: Pregnant women are particularly advised to get the flu shot.

事實(shí):孕婦尤其應(yīng)該注射流感疫苗。

5. Don't pharmaceutical companies make a massive profit from flu vaccines?

制藥公司不會(huì)從流感疫苗中獲得巨大利潤嗎?

Fact: Revenue from vaccines make up a tiny proportion of pharma profits­ and make it possible for companies to continue making the vaccines in the event of a pandemic.

事實(shí):疫苗的收入只占制藥公司利潤的很小一部分，這使得制藥公司有可能在大流行發(fā)生時(shí)繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)疫苗。