雅思寫作技巧之議論文的折中寫法

在雅思議論文寫作中，我們通常會向?qū)W生介紹兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，即一邊倒和折中。所謂一邊倒，就是文章的論證從一邊展開，作者的論點(diǎn)和支持句呈現(xiàn)“一邊倒”的形式;而折中式文章的特點(diǎn)則是文章針對題目所提出的話題，從正反(即支持和反對)兩個方面展開辯論。

對于這兩種寫法，不同人有不同的偏好。經(jīng)常有同學(xué)會問小安老師，哪種寫法更好，哪種寫法更容易拿分，這其實(shí)沒有定論，論述有理充分就是好文章的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一邊倒和折中結(jié)構(gòu)的文章有著各自不同的特點(diǎn)和套路，不同的題目可能適合不同類型的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)。

但無論采用哪種結(jié)構(gòu)，論點(diǎn)和相應(yīng)的支持句都不可或缺，特別是清晰的論點(diǎn)尤其重要，沒有論點(diǎn)或論點(diǎn)不清的文章是絕不可能拿高分的。

對于考生來說，要做到觀點(diǎn)明確最好用的方法無疑是一邊倒的寫法，也是部分老師比較推薦的寫法。但折中真的不可用嗎?下面就跟小安老師看一看折中的正確應(yīng)用方法～

(1) 權(quán)衡利弊

這類方法適用于討論"advantages & disadvantages"的題目。只需要在主體段分別論述考題所涉及事物的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)之后，在結(jié)尾段提出“優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)都有，我們要權(quán)衡利弊”這樣的觀點(diǎn)。例如：

The advantages brought by the wide spread of mobile phones will outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?

主題段分別論述手機(jī)的利弊之后結(jié)尾段可以這樣提出折中觀點(diǎn)：

To put it in a nutshell, it is difficult to tell whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or not regarding the wide spread of using mobile phones. What we may have to consider is how to make full use of this technological progress while staying away from its drawbacks.

(2) 雙管齊下

很多考題需要考生討論兩種觀點(diǎn)，通常會有討論雙方觀點(diǎn)并給出自己觀點(diǎn)的提問要求。這時候題中出現(xiàn)的兩種觀點(diǎn)看上去完全相反，但其實(shí)并不矛盾，可以用“雙管齊下”的思路來提出觀點(diǎn)。例如：

Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss on both sides and give your opinion.

在討論完發(fā)展旅游的必要性和保護(hù)文化傳統(tǒng)的重要性之后，結(jié)尾段可以這樣提出折中方案：

We should try to reach a balance between tourism development and cultural protection and I insist the government plays a crucial role. Actually, many cities have made effective and efficient development strategies to successfully attract numerous visitors while at the same time preserving their local cultures and traditions.

(3) 視情況而定

有時在分別論述完兩個觀點(diǎn)后，可以提出“同意哪方觀點(diǎn)要取決于……”這樣的折中觀點(diǎn)，比如：

Some people think that all lawbreakers should be taken into prison, others believe that there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

在討論完兩種不同懲罰方式之后，結(jié)尾段可以這樣提出觀點(diǎn)：

From my point of view, there is no absolute answer as to whether lawbreakers should be taken into prison or punished by other alternatives. It largely depends on different circumstances of crimes. But what remains undoubted is that we should take lawbreakers seriously who are major threat to social stability.

(4) 提出方案

雙方討論型文章中的兩種觀點(diǎn)雖相互矛盾，但很多情況其實(shí)是可以通過某種方法“化解矛盾”的，例如這道考題：

Some people think that dangerous sports should be banned by government, while others believe that people should be free to choose sporting activities they like. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

在主體段討論完禁止危險運(yùn)動和自由選擇運(yùn)動的利弊之后，我們可以提出這樣一種解決方案：

The best solution, therefore, is not to ban but to limit and protect. The government should improve the sport equipments in order to ensure participators' safety. Meanwhile, age limitation to certain sporting activities is also indispensable, excluding adolescents and senior citizens.