世界500強(qiáng)CEO訪談 第33期:花旗集團(tuán)潘迪特 面臨著信用危機(jī)(3)

Vikram Pandit: Gives them a place for their-it takes deposits and put them to work. That’s what a bank does.

潘迪特：銀行吸收人們的儲(chǔ)蓄并且使它們發(fā)揮一定的作用。那就是銀行的工作。

Reporter: Tell me what happened. How did you get to this place where you had so many obligations? There was a very tough piece by Eric Dash in The New York Times over the weekend, an exhaustive look at Citibank, and it basically painted the picture of a bank where risk management was not handled very well at all.

記者：告訴我都發(fā)生了些什么，您是怎樣做到如今負(fù)有重任的這樣一個(gè)高位的?根據(jù)埃里克.戴史周末時(shí)在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》中所說(shuō)的，花旗集團(tuán)現(xiàn)在處于非常困難的時(shí)期，從審視的角度來(lái)看，其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理并沒(méi)有得到很好的處理。

Vikram Pandit: Charlie, go back again to what a bank does. A bank takes deposits and puts deposits to work, by lending money, et cetera. We learned historically that if you take deposits in Houston and put them in Houston real estate, it didn’t work 20 years ago. So, a good bank takes deposits from a diversified set of places and puts that money to work in a diversified set of risks. What went wrong? What went wrong is we had tremendous concentration, in the sense we put a lot of our money to work against US real estate. So, how we got here is we got here by lending money and putting money to work in the US real estate market.

潘迪特：查理，讓我們?cè)儆懻撘幌裸y行的職能所在。銀行吸收存款，銀行借錢(qián)給人們使存款發(fā)揮其作用等等。從歷史來(lái)看我們知道，如果你在休斯頓接受存款，并將存款用于休斯頓的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)中，20年之前那并不會(huì)發(fā)揮什么作用。那么，一個(gè)好的銀行能夠從各種各樣的地方種吸收存款，并能夠?qū)⒋婵钔顿Y于各式各樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中。哪里出問(wèn)題了呢?出問(wèn)題的地方在于我們有很多關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，那也就意味著我們將太多存款投資于美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)以外的事業(yè)。所以我們之所以能夠做到今天這一步，是因?yàn)槲覀兘桢X(qián)給人們，并且把資金應(yīng)用于美國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)事業(yè)之中。

Reporter: There’s no question about that, is there?

記者：那并沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題，是嗎?

Vikram Pandit: Well...

潘迪特：嗯……

Reporter: You said “probably”.

記者：您說(shuō)的是“可能”。

Vikram Pandit: Results would show that’s kind of where we are.

潘迪特：最終的結(jié)果將會(huì)告訴我們到底是怎樣的。

Reporter: And that the role of risk management, which Warren Buffett said to me is the role of the CEO - that’s the man who has to be in charge of risk management. He’s right. And risk management at Citi seemed to have gotten out of control. Will you accept that?

記者：沃倫.巴菲特曾對(duì)我說(shuō)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理所扮演的角色就是首席執(zhí)行官扮演的角色，首席執(zhí)行官也就是要進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的人。他是正確的。花旗集團(tuán)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理似乎已經(jīng)不在掌控之內(nèi)，您接受這個(gè)說(shuō)法嗎?

Vikram Pandit: I do consider... I do consider the role of the CEO as that of a risk manager. I’ll take that. And that is my role. I’m very clear about that.

潘迪特：我的確考慮過(guò)……我的確考慮過(guò)首席執(zhí)行官的任務(wù)就是要進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，我也會(huì)接受，我很清楚那就是我的任務(wù)。

Reporter: You seem to be saying that it was—we shouldn’t—no one should have expected a better performance, because no one could have imagined the housing collapse that we saw in this country, correct? Is that what you are saying? Because it says that no one was to blame.

記者：您的意思是，人們不應(yīng)該總是期待有更好的表現(xiàn)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有人曾料想過(guò)我們今天所看到的房產(chǎn)業(yè)崩潰的現(xiàn)象，是嗎?您的意思是這個(gè)嗎?我們不應(yīng)該將其歸罪于任何人。

Vikram Pandit: What I’m saying is that when you look at the housing market, when you look at what has happened to housing prices over time, they’ve steadily gone up. And customers, consumers, the average person in the US has looked at their house as their bank. It’s where you collect equity, where you have your savings. And they started using them. And so yes, I think Wall Street, financial institutions went a little bit further, went to a point where they started encouraging people to use those savings. They went a little bit further in the sense of saying, OK, housing prices have really not dropped that much over the years; encourage them to buy more houses. Now, we’re not the first country that has gotten into this bubble. There’s a lot of different places that have gone into that.

潘迪特：我是說(shuō)，當(dāng)你看一下房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，看一下房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格的變化，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)房產(chǎn)價(jià)格一直在持續(xù)穩(wěn)定上升。而我們的顧客們，消費(fèi)者，普通的美國(guó)公民，開(kāi)始將房產(chǎn)視為他們的銀行。那里才是他們收集普通股的地方，那里才是他們放置儲(chǔ)蓄的地方。然后 他們開(kāi)始使用自己的房產(chǎn)。所以我想，華爾街的金融機(jī)構(gòu)做得確實(shí)有一些過(guò)分，他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ダ媚切﹥?chǔ)蓄。他們說(shuō)房地產(chǎn)的價(jià)格一直居高不下，他們鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ベI(mǎi)更多的房子，這就有點(diǎn)兒過(guò)分了?，F(xiàn)在，我們不是第一個(gè)掉進(jìn)這種泡沫中的國(guó)家，有很多的國(guó)家也曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)。

Reporter: Let me just come back to this question, though. I mean, Citibank had become much larger than the functions that you had talked about. Trading was a central part of this. And you look around, and all these functions were under this one institution.

記者：讓我們還是回到這個(gè)問(wèn)題上來(lái)，我的意思是說(shuō)，花旗現(xiàn)在的職能已經(jīng)不僅僅局限于你說(shuō)的那些了。貿(mào)易就是其中心部分，當(dāng)你去進(jìn)行調(diào)查的時(shí)候，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的職能都是在這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)的范圍之內(nèi)的。

Vikram Pandit: Yes, absolutely.

潘迪特：是的，絕對(duì)是這樣的。