英國學(xué)生科學(xué)讀本 Lesson 91 牛奶及用途(1)

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第91課 牛奶及用途

Every child likes to drink new milk. How pleasant it smells and how sweet it tastes! Do you not want to know something about this useful liquid? Nearly all the milk we use comes from the milk-bag or udder of the cow. But people also drink the milk of other animals, such as the goat, the ass, and the camel.

每個(gè)孩子都喜歡喝鮮牛奶。那香濃的味道, 甜美的滋味是多么誘人!對于這樣一種極為有用的飲品, 你肯定想要了解更多吧? 我們喝的牛奶幾乎全部來自奶牛的乳房。不過, 人們還飲用其他動(dòng)物的奶, 例如羊、驢以及駱駝。

All these animals have a plentiful flow of milk, which is intended for their own young ones. Animals which bring up or nourish their young on milk are called mammals.

所有這些動(dòng)物都擁有非常充足的奶量, 因?yàn)樗鼈冃枰獮橛鬃刑峁┳銐虻臓I養(yǎng)。依靠奶來撫養(yǎng)后代的動(dòng)物就叫做哺乳動(dòng)物。

Milk is an excellent food. It has been called a "model " food, for it contains just the things that we need to nourish our bodies, and these are mixed in just the right way.

奶是一種很好的食物。它被稱作“模范”食品, 因?yàn)槠渲邪巳梭w所需的營養(yǎng), 而且成分的搭配也很合理。

Milk is a white fluid a little heavier than water. We call it a fluid because it will flow. All liquids are fluids, and so are all gases; for both liquids and gases will readily flow from one place to another. But solids, such as wood and iron, do not flow.

奶是一種白色流體, 比水稍重。之所以稱之為流體, 就是因?yàn)樗鼤鲃?dòng)。所有的液體都可以流動(dòng), 氣體同樣如此, 因?yàn)橐后w與氣體隨時(shí)都可以四處移動(dòng)。然而, 諸如木頭與鐵塊這樣的固體卻不會流動(dòng)。

Of what is milk composed? Let your new milk stand all night in a glass jug, say twelve inches in height; then in the morning you will see—or you ought to see—a rich, yellowish-white layer of cream one inch in thickness on the top of the milk. If your jug is six inches high, you should have a layer of cream half an inch thick.

奶是由什么構(gòu)成的呢? 我們把新鮮牛奶放進(jìn)一只高度為十二英寸的玻璃杯靜置一晚;到了清晨你就能夠(也應(yīng)該)看到牛奶最上方出現(xiàn)了一層一英寸厚的黃白色粘稠奶油。如果杯子高度為六英寸, 奶油的厚度就應(yīng)該在半英寸左右。

This cream contains thousands of tiny balls of milk-fat, each ball having its own covering or skin. These balls rise to the top because they are lighter than the rest of the milk, just as a cork rises to the surface of water.

這層奶油中包括成千上萬顆乳脂小球。這些小球之所以上升到杯子的最上層, 是因?yàn)樗鼈儽扰Ｄ痰钠渌煞忠p, 這就好像是軟木塞能夠漂浮到水面一樣。

People skim off the cream and put it into a kind of wooden tub or barrel called a churn, in which they beat and dash it about by moving a plunger up and down, or by turning a handle.

人們將這層奶油分離出來, 然后放入名為攪乳器的木桶之中, 通過上下移動(dòng)活塞或者轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)把手來攪拌奶油。

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