英語早間課堂:S desire （that）S (should) do.

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Last time we learned two sentence patterns which are "S suppose ( that ) S did." and " S suppose ( that ) S had done" .

第一句表示的意思是對(duì)將來或者是現(xiàn)在的情況的一種設(shè)想，假設(shè)，因此賓語從句中的謂語是did, 即：使用動(dòng)詞的一般過去式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

今天要在此特別補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)的就是：對(duì)將來的事情進(jìn)行假設(shè)的話，謂語還可以由would do這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成, 那么我們可以得到另外一個(gè)句型：S suppose ( that ) S would do。

而第二句則是對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情做一種假設(shè)，設(shè)想，因此賓語從句的謂語是had done,即：使用動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。引導(dǎo)詞that 可以省略。

【習(xí)題及點(diǎn)評(píng)】

And some translation exercises were left and I'm about to let the answers to them out in the open.

【Exercise I】假如下雨的話，我們還是要去。

【Translation 1】Suppose ( that ) it rained, we would still go.

【Translation 2】Suppose ( that ) it rains, we will still go.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

1 此句話是對(duì)將來情況的一種假設(shè)，用句型Suppose that S did.

2 副詞放置的位置：still放于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。

【Exercise II】咱們姑且假設(shè)這個(gè)消息是真的。

【Translation 1】Let us suppose the news was really true for a moment.

【Translation 2】Let us suppose the news is really true for a moment.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

1 此句話是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，因此用句型Suppose that S did.

2短語的運(yùn)用：姑且的中文意思是指時(shí)間段(暫時(shí))，因此英文中for a moment的意思和它相近。For a moment是一會(huì)兒，片刻的意思。 For a moment he was filled with a sort of exaltation. 一時(shí)間他忽然變得趾高氣揚(yáng)起來。For a moment Peter felt a surge of sympathy for the older man. 一剎那間彼得對(duì)這位老頭油然產(chǎn)生了一種憐憫心。

【Exercise III】沒有理由假定這些會(huì)嚴(yán)重的不穩(wěn)定的。

【Translation 1】There is no reason to suppose ( that ) these would be destabilizing .

【Translation 2】There is no reason to suppose ( that ) these will be destabilizing .

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

1 現(xiàn)在分詞的運(yùn)用：destabilizing是destabilize 這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，關(guān)于這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)?jiān)斦?qǐng)參見前期(第80期)的declining的詳解，今天就不重復(fù)講了。

2 該句子to suppose ( that ) these would be destabilizing 是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語修飾reason，這里省略了關(guān)系副詞why。 這個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式中含有賓語從句是：( that ) these would be destabilizing ，由此可見像suppose, order, advise , insist, propose等等這些動(dòng)詞不管在一個(gè)句子中做什么成分，只要后面帶有賓語從句，就要看其意思來考慮是否使用虛擬語氣。

3 suppose和wish一樣謂語可以由would + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。

4 此句話是對(duì)將來的情況的一種假設(shè)，因此使用的句型是：S suppose ( that ) S would do.

【Exercise IIII】假如沒有人去過那里的話，會(huì)怎么樣?

【Translation 1】Suppose ( that ) no one had been there, what then?

【Translation 2】Suppose ( that ) no one was there, what then?

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

1 此句話是對(duì)過去情況的一種假設(shè)，因此用句型：S suppose ( that ) S had done。

2 What then? 這個(gè)口語話短句的意思是：怎么樣?怎么辦?

【Exercise IV】假如當(dāng)時(shí)我們沒有去幫助他，會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢?

【Translation 1】Let us suppose ( that ) we hadn't helped him, what would happen?

【Translation 2】Let us suppose ( that ) we didn't help him, what would happen?

上期我們說道了suppose后面的賓語從句可以用虛擬語氣，也可以不用虛擬語氣，因此以上5道翻譯習(xí)題就出現(xiàn)上面2中翻譯，第一句使用的是虛擬語氣，而第二句則使用的是陳述語氣。

【今日主題】

And this morning, I would like to talk about another sentence pattern which is : S desire ( that ) S should do. 這個(gè)句式是表示某人極其希望某人做某事。

【主題詳解】

In this sentence, " desire" means" to wish for" , 意為：渴望，期望。Of course, subjunctive should be used in an objective clause that follows it. ( that ) S should do. 是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可見虛擬語氣體現(xiàn)在本句中的謂語形式為：should + 動(dòng)詞原形。引導(dǎo)詞that和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以省略。

【例句】

1 We all desire we be happy and healthy. 我們都渴望幸福和健康。

2 I desired I had beem a teacher. 我曾經(jīng)渴望我是一名教師。

3 Fewer people desire they live in the north of this county. 幾乎沒有人想住在這個(gè)國家的北部。

在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，desire不能用于任何進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。