66 表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞 Track58
這樣的介詞主要有:
at in on over above
under below beneath before in front of
after behind about around round
out out of outside outside of
(1)at,in
1)在表示地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所時(shí),一般來講,in表示較大的地方;at表示較小的地方。例如:
at home at the office at school at the bridge
at the crossroads at the bus stop at the doctor's at the hairdresser's
in a country in a town in a village in the street
in the forest in a f ield in a desert
此外,常用in的情形有:
in a line/in a row/in a queue
in a photo/in a picture
in a mirror
in the sky/in the world
in a book/in a newspaper/in a magazine/in a letter
in the front/back row (但也可以說:at the front/back)
in the front/back of the car
(at the front/back of the building/cinema/classroom)
2)我們可以用in或at來談?wù)摻ㄖ?,比如:at a restaurant或in a restaurant。但用at通常表示某事發(fā)生的場(chǎng)合。例如:
a. I met him at the cinema last night. 我昨晚在電影院見到他了。
而用in往往表示建筑物本身情形,例如:
b. I enjoyed the film but it was very cold in the cinema. (不說:at the cinema)
另外,我們用in強(qiáng)調(diào)“在建筑物里面”,而用at則籠統(tǒng)地指“在這個(gè)地點(diǎn)”,包括建筑物的里面及周圍。例如:
at the restaurant 可以是在餐館里面,也可以是在餐館附近。
in the restaurant 強(qiáng)調(diào)在餐館里面。
at the cinema 在電影院,但不一定是電影院里面。
in the cinema 強(qiáng)調(diào)在電影院里面,所以上面一句用 very cold in the cinema。
再比如下面的例句:
c. There were a lot of people in the shop. It was very crowed.
商店里有很多人,很擠。
d. Go along this road, then turn left at the shop.
沿著這條路直走,然后在商店那兒左轉(zhuǎn)。
(2)on,over,above
三個(gè)詞均有“在……之上”的含義,但意思有區(qū)別。
1)on表示兩事物表面接觸。
a. Put away the books on the desk. 把桌上的書收好。
b. The dictionary on the table is not mine. 桌上的字典不是我的。
c. There is a label on the bottle. 瓶子上有個(gè)標(biāo)簽。
比較:
d. There is somebody at the door. Shall I go and see who it is?
門口有人,我要去看看是誰嗎?
e. There is a notice on the door. It says “Do Not Disturb”.
門上有個(gè)標(biāo)牌,上面寫著“請(qǐng)勿打擾”。
此外,常用on的情形有:
on the left/on the right
on the first/second floor(在一/二樓)
on a map
on the page/on Page Seven(但說:at the top/bottom of the page)
on the menu
on the list
on a farm
on the way to school
on the corner of the street(但也可以說:in the corner of the room)
2)over表示兩事物表面不僅有接觸,而且有覆蓋的含義。
a. Spread the cloth over the table.
b. Mom put a rug over me when I was asleep.
我睡著的時(shí)候,媽媽在我身上蓋了一塊小毛毯。
over還可以表示“正上方”,如:
c. There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
d. There is a lamp over the desk. 桌子正上方有個(gè)電燈。
3)above僅表示上下方位關(guān)系,且事物表面不接觸,也不是“正上方”。
a. The sun rose above the horizon.
用于抽象概念表示職位高低時(shí),over和above的差別:
b. He is over me.=He is my immediate superior.
他是我的頂頭上司。
c. He is above me. 他是我的上司。(一般不是直接上司)
(3)below,under,beneath
1)under表示“在……下方”,兩物體可以接觸,也可以隔開一定的距離。
a. I put the money under the mattress. 我把錢放在了床墊底下。
b. The dog is groveling under the table.
2)below則一般表示在兩個(gè)表面之間間隔一定的距離。
They live below us.
3)beneath可用來替換under,但在表示抽象含義時(shí),最好用beneath。
a. He would think it beneath him to tell a lie.
他認(rèn)為說謊有失他的身份。
b. She married beneath her. 她嫁給了一個(gè)比她社會(huì)地位低的人。