47 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較　Track 047

兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上相繼發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用and或but按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序連接，此時(shí)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻回顧更早的動(dòng)作。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們?cè)谡務(wù)撨^(guò)去某一事件時(shí)，想到了在這之前已發(fā)生的某事，這時(shí)可以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
例句
a. He opened the door and entered, but found nobody.
b. He served in the army for ten years, then retired and married. His children are now at school .
他當(dāng)過(guò)十年兵，然后退伍并結(jié)了婚。他的孩子都在上學(xué)。
c. He had served in the airforce for ten years before he died in the jet-crash incident.
他在一次撞機(jī)事故中犧牲了，事故之前他已在空軍服役了十年。
d. I realized that we had met before. （不能說(shuō)…we met before）
e. I heard voices and realized that there were several people in the next room.
我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人說(shuō)話，知道隔壁房間里有幾個(gè)人。
f.I saw empty glasses and cigar butts on the table and realized that someone had been in the room.
我看見(jiàn)桌上有空杯子和雪茄煙蒂，知道屋子里有人來(lái)過(guò)。
在表示兩個(gè)相繼發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示在一個(gè)動(dòng)作完成以后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始發(fā)生，從而使得兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相互獨(dú)立，彼此脫離開(kāi)來(lái)。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則可能表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生“導(dǎo)致”另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的發(fā)生，或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間有因果關(guān)系。
試比較：
a. When I had opened all the windows I sat down and had a cup of tea.
我把所有的窗子都打開(kāi)后，就坐下來(lái)喝了杯茶。（不宜說(shuō)When I opened…）
b. I opened the window and the cat jumped out.
我剛把窗子打開(kāi)，那只貓就跳了出去。
c. When I had written my letters I did some gardening.
我把信寫(xiě)完后，到花園里干了些活。（不宜說(shuō)When I wrote…）
d. When I wrote him a letter, he came at once.
我給他去了封信后，他立即就來(lái)了。
e. When the singer had sung her song, she sat down.
這位歌手唱完歌以后，就坐了下來(lái)。（若說(shuō)成When the singer sangher song, she sat down.則可能給人造成這種印象：這位歌手是坐著唱歌的。）