63 過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞 Track61
這類復(fù)合形容詞的總體特點(diǎn):
同現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞一樣,由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,也具有共同的“外部關(guān)系”特點(diǎn),即被修飾的名詞與過去分詞存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,或者說被修飾的名詞可以作過去分詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。這其實(shí)也就是過去分詞特征的體現(xiàn)。
既然外部關(guān)系存在共性,那么“內(nèi)部關(guān)系”則是這一類復(fù)合形容詞的個(gè)性特點(diǎn)。所以正確理解“內(nèi)部關(guān)系”,成為正確使用這一類復(fù)合形容詞的關(guān)鍵。
(1)名詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
a.man-made fibers = fibers made by man
b.hand-made gloves = gloves made by hand
c.water-covered land = land covered with water
d.state-owned firms = firms owned by the state
e.helium-filled balloons = balloons filled with helium
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:具有過去分詞修飾名詞的共同特征。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:內(nèi)部的名詞(如hand,water)表示過去分詞(如made,covered)動(dòng)作的行為方式(made by hand)或狀態(tài)(covered with water)。
3)做比較:它與“名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”的區(qū)別。
(2)形容詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
a.a ready-made dress = made a dress ready, or a dress which is made ready成衣
b.a green-painted house = painted a house green, or a house which is painted green
c.A clean-shaven man = a man shaved himself clean
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:具有過去分詞修飾名詞的共同特征。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:此處的形容詞(如ready,green)一般是作過去分詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ)(如dress,house)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(made a dress ready,painted a house green)。
3)做比較:它與“形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”的區(qū)別。
(3)副詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
a.a well-bred young man = a young man bred well
b.the above-mentioned items = the items mentioned above
c.a newly-built library = a library built newly
d.a tightly-packed box = a box packed tightly
特點(diǎn):
1)外部關(guān)系:具有過去分詞修飾名詞的共同特征。
2)內(nèi)部關(guān)系:此處的副詞(如newly,tightly)一般是作過去分詞(如built,packed)的邏輯狀語(yǔ)(built newly,packed tightly)。
3)做比較:它與“形容詞+過去分詞”及“副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞”的區(qū)別。
此外,復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)還有:
(4)形容詞+名詞+ ed
warm-hearted cold-blooded narrow-minded
blue-eyed near-sighted long-haired
lighter-skinned middle-aged ill-humored
bad-tempered ...
(5)數(shù)詞+名詞+ ed
one-eyed camel two-faced person ten-storyed building
three-legged table ...