高效組織會(huì)議——提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn) Presenting an Argument

提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)　Presenting an Argument

會(huì)議的類型五花八門(mén)。但是，有一種會(huì)議是在主席（chairman）主持下的正式會(huì)議（formal meeting）。主持引導(dǎo)這樣的正式會(huì)議時(shí)，大部分用詞都是格式化的（stylized），也就是說(shuō)一樣的話被用在所有的情景之中，當(dāng)然也根據(jù)“正式”程度的不同劃分。

開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，點(diǎn)名議題

☉I would like to begin by saying……

首先我想說(shuō)的是……

☉The most important points seem to me to be……

在我看來(lái)最重要的議點(diǎn)是……

☉To begin with……

以……來(lái)開(kāi)始

☉First，……second，……third，……finally，……

首先……其次……再次……最后……

☉First, let’s consider……

首先，讓我們考慮……

☉There are four points I would like to make……

有四點(diǎn)我要說(shuō)明……

介紹新的議題

☉In addition……

此外……

☉Not only do we have……，but also……

不僅僅要做我們手頭的……而且還有……

☉Furthermore，……

此外……

☉I would like to address another issue briefly, that of……

我想簡(jiǎn)略地處理一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是……

☉Another problem I’d like to focus on is……

我想另外的一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問(wèn)題就是……

☉Moreover，……

還有……

舉例說(shuō)明，對(duì)比表達(dá)

☉A case in point is……

一個(gè)典型的例子就是……

☉Let me give you an example……

讓我來(lái)給你們舉一個(gè)例子……

☉On one hand……，on the other hand……

一方面……另一方面……

☉In spite of……，we should still remember……

盡管……但我們?nèi)匀粦?yīng)該記得……

歸納總結(jié)并表明個(gè)人傾向

☉On the whole……

總的來(lái)說(shuō)……

☉Overall……

總之……

☉All things considered……

從整體來(lái)看……

☉I’d rather see……

我傾向認(rèn)為……

☉I’d like……

我想要……

綜合論述

☉Let me conclude with……

讓我們以……來(lái)作為總結(jié)。

☉Finally，……

最后……

☉Let me conclude by reiterating that……

讓我最后重申……

☉To summarize, I’d like to say……

作為總結(jié)，我想說(shuō)……

☉Allow me to conclude by saying……

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我最后說(shuō)……

總結(jié)

“提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”可以被理解為表明自己的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，無(wú)論是舉例還是對(duì)比，概括還是下結(jié)論，都在為自己的觀點(diǎn)服務(wù)，都是要告訴別人你想聽(tīng)到什么或者你傾向什么。

Words　單詞表

accommodate容納；協(xié)調(diào)

accommodation住宿

elaborate詳細(xì)述說(shuō)；詳細(xì)的

eliminate消除，刪除

earmark專用

fiscal財(cái)政的，財(cái)務(wù)的

gain贏取；賺取

generation產(chǎn)生，生成

monies款項(xiàng)，資金

oversight監(jiān)督；檢查

popular受歡迎的

proper合適的，適宜的

prudent審慎的，謹(jǐn)慎的

reiterate重申

resource資源，財(cái)力

spending支出，經(jīng)費(fèi)

taxpayer納稅人

venue地點(diǎn)

Phrases　短語(yǔ)表

auditing action審計(jì)行動(dòng)

check and balance制約平衡

discuss an issue討論事宜

earmark for預(yù)留的

governing body主管機(jī)構(gòu)

historical tourist site歷史旅游景點(diǎn)

influx of（sth）（某事物）涌入

lighten a burden減輕負(fù)擔(dān)

operating fund營(yíng)運(yùn)資金，周轉(zhuǎn)基金

pave roads鋪路

pressing issue緊迫問(wèn)題

sheer number大量，眾多

take a moment（to do sth）花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)做（某事）

tax cut減稅

tax increase增稅

vote on（sth）表決（某事）

實(shí)景對(duì)話1

A：Before we vote on it, let's take a moment to discuss the issue. George，

I believe you know more about the new tax cuts than anyone else. Would you care to share with us?

B：I'd be happy to. I would like to begin by saying tax increases are never popular, and everyone is interested in cutting taxes. However, the most important points seem to me to be the generation of fiscal resources and the check and balance of prudent spending.

A：Very well……

B：To begin with, the only way that governmental bodies can gain their operating funds is to collect taxes or to impose use fees. First, we allagree that we'd like to lighten the burden on taxpayers, but are unsure if tax cuts are the best way to do it.Second, we also agree that we need to find ways to generate more funding.Third, supporters of the tax cut propose that more funding can be generated by shifting around the current budget.Finally, I'd like to suggest that it is impossible to shift around the current budget without proper oversight from an outside agency.

A：Could you elaborate?

B：Let me give you an example. If the council were to start shifting monies around without an outside overseer auditing their actions, perhaps funding specifically earmarked for the schools would end up being used to pave the roads. On one hand, we are solving pressing financial issues, on the other, we are robbing Peter to pay Paul.

A：Understood.

B：Allow me to conclude by saying, even though tax cuts seem like a good idea, they introduce problems into our budgeting system. We cannot keep a balanced budget by shifting funding.To reiterate, we must have some form of financial oversight.

A：在我們進(jìn)行表決以前，讓我們先討論討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。喬治，我相信你比任何人都了解新的減稅計(jì)劃，你是否愿意和我們分享一下？

B：我很樂(lè)意。首先我想說(shuō)的是增稅從來(lái)就不受歡迎，而每個(gè)人都對(duì)減稅興趣盎然。但是，在我看來(lái)最重要的是新的財(cái)政資源生成和審慎開(kāi)支的制衡。

A：太好了……

B：首先，政府機(jī)構(gòu)是通過(guò)征稅或強(qiáng)制收取使用費(fèi)來(lái)獲取運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)資金的。第一，我們大家都同意要減輕納稅人負(fù)擔(dān)，但是不能肯定減稅是最好的途徑。第二，我們也同意要開(kāi)辟途徑來(lái)獲取更多的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)資金。第三，減稅的支持者建議通過(guò)調(diào)整預(yù)算來(lái)獲取更多的資金。最后，我想說(shuō)，如果沒(méi)有外部機(jī)構(gòu)合理的監(jiān)督，調(diào)整預(yù)算是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

A：能詳細(xì)說(shuō)明一下嗎？

B：讓我來(lái)給您舉個(gè)例子。如果沒(méi)有對(duì)其行為的審計(jì)監(jiān)督的話，地方議會(huì)可能將專用于學(xué)校的撥款用于鋪路。一方面我們正在解決財(cái)政壓力的問(wèn)題，而另一方面我們要挖肉補(bǔ)瘡。

A：明白。

B：請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我總結(jié)說(shuō)明，盡管減稅看起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意，但是它會(huì)給我們的預(yù)算系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)麻煩，轉(zhuǎn)移資金很難確保預(yù)算的平衡。重申一下，我們必須得有某種形式的財(cái)政監(jiān)督。

實(shí)景對(duì)話2

A：Now to the next item on our agenda, discussing the venue for the international convention. Susan, did you have something to say about this item?

B：Yes, thank you. There are four points I would like to make.First, to begin with, attendees for this convention will be coming from all areas of Asia, so I believe the city we choose to hold our event in must be easily accessible from international origins. That would eliminate some of our choices.In addition, not only do we have people coming from outside of China, but we also have language issues to address.We'll have to be able to accommodate those people who may not speak local languages.That would mean choosing a venue that has available translation support.

A：That is very insightful……

B：Moreover, because we expect an influx of thousands of visitors to the conference, we've got to consider accommodations. Another problem I'd like to focus on is the fact that three out of five of our choices are small cities which may not be able to handle the sheer numbers.

A：So that would leave two cities, Shanghai and Beijing.

B：My fourth and final point, is that first-time visitors to China would also be most interested in an area that would have more historical tourist sites. To summarize, I'd like to say that I see our only viable option for this convention is Beijing.

A：現(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)入議程的下一項(xiàng)，討論關(guān)于國(guó)際公約（簽署）場(chǎng)地事宜。蘇珊，關(guān)于這項(xiàng)您有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？

B：是的，謝謝。有4點(diǎn)我要說(shuō)明。首先，該公約活動(dòng)的參與者來(lái)自亞洲各地，所以我認(rèn)為我們要選擇的城市需有地緣優(yōu)勢(shì)。這樣我們的很多選項(xiàng)將被排除。此外，還有來(lái)自中國(guó)以外的國(guó)家的人，因此我們還得解決語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題，必須為這些有語(yǔ)言障礙的人提供便利，那就意味著要選擇一個(gè)有合適的語(yǔ)言翻譯的場(chǎng)地。

A：這倒是很有見(jiàn)地……

B：還有，因?yàn)轭A(yù)料會(huì)有大量的訪問(wèn)者參加該大會(huì)，那我們就一定得考慮住宿。

另外一個(gè)值得關(guān)注的問(wèn)題是，我們手頭5個(gè)可供選擇的城市有3個(gè)是小城鎮(zhèn)，這3個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)那么多的來(lái)訪者。

A：這樣說(shuō)來(lái)就剩兩個(gè)城市了——上海和北京。

B：我想說(shuō)的第四點(diǎn)也就是最后一點(diǎn)，第一次來(lái)中國(guó)的訪問(wèn)者會(huì)對(duì)歷史旅游景點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣?？傊?，我認(rèn)為，在我看來(lái)我們這次簽約的唯一選擇是北京。