新奇事件簿 頭球會(huì)對(duì)大腦造成損傷

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New research suggests that soccer players are at risk of brain injury, especially those who head the ball a lot. Researchers in America carried out tests on 38 amateur football players over the age of 30 who had played the sport since childhood. Doctors gave them MRI brain scans and tests to assess their brain function. The players were asked to estimate the number of times they had headed a ball in the past year. The research findings indicate a degree of brain injury not usually present in people who do not play soccer. Doctors reported the condition to be a form of concussion known as mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). This can easily occur in soccer due to the frequent impact of the head with a ball that can travel at speeds close to 100 kph.

新的研究表明，足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員面臨大腦損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，尤其是經(jīng)常做頭球動(dòng)作的人。美國(guó)研究人員對(duì)38名30歲以上的業(yè)余足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，他們從童年時(shí)期就開(kāi)始踢球。醫(yī)生對(duì)他們進(jìn)行了MRI大腦掃描，并進(jìn)行了評(píng)估大腦功能的測(cè)試。研究人員還要求他們自我估計(jì)一下過(guò)去一年頭球的次數(shù)。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)了在不踢足球的人群中罕見(jiàn)的腦損傷。醫(yī)生報(bào)告稱這是一種腦震蕩，名為輕型腦外傷(TBI)。由于頻繁地用頭頂速度接近100千米每小時(shí)的球，這種情況在足球運(yùn)動(dòng)中很容易發(fā)生。

Lead author Doctor Michael Lipton explained the effect heading a ball can have on the brain: “Heading a soccer ball is not an impact of a magnitude that will [cut] nerve fibers in the brain, but repetitive heading may set off a cascade of responses that can lead to a degeneration of brain cells." He added: “Brain injury and cognitive impairment can result from heading a soccer ball with high frequency….These are findings that should be taken into consideration in planning future research to develop approaches to protect soccer players." Doctor Lipton concluded it would be difficult to detect brain injury in children as it takes years of heading a ball for the damage to show up in brain scans.

首席作者M(jìn)ichael Lipton解釋了頂球可能對(duì)大腦造成的影響：“頂球并不會(huì)造成切斷大腦神經(jīng)元的重大影響，但是反復(fù)多次頂球會(huì)引發(fā)大量反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致腦細(xì)胞退化。”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)：“高頻率的頭球會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦損傷和認(rèn)知缺損。將來(lái)針對(duì)保護(hù)足球隊(duì)員的方法進(jìn)行研究時(shí)應(yīng)該考慮這次的研究結(jié)果。”Lipton醫(yī)生得出結(jié)論，洞察兒童大腦損傷非常困難，因?yàn)槎嗄甑捻斍騽?dòng)作造成的損傷才會(huì)在腦掃描中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。