演講MP3+雙語文稿:如何拯救下沉的城市

00:00

00:00

MP3下載

https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/10000/10387/tedyp205.mp3

https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012

聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學習使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:如何拯救下沉的城市，希望你會喜歡！

[演講者及介紹]KotchakornVoraakhom

Voraakhom是一名景觀設(shè)計師，致力于建造綠色公共空間來應(yīng)對氣候變化。

[演講主題]如何將下沉的城市改造成抗洪基地

[中英文字幕]

翻譯者 Rong Fan 校對者 Conway Ye

00:14

At this very moment, with every breath wetake, major delta cities across the globe are sinking, including New York,London, Tokyo, Shanghai, New Orleans, and as well as my city, Bangkok. Here isthe usual version of climate change. This is mine. Nothing much, just acrocodile on the street.

此時此刻，我們每呼吸一口氣，全球主要港口城市都下沉一點點，包括紐約、倫敦、東京、上海、新奧爾良和我的城市曼谷。這是氣候變化最常見的版本。而這是我所看見的。這也沒什么，就是一條鱷魚出現(xiàn)在了大街上。

00:46

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

00:47

This is an urgent impact of climate change:over sinking cities. Here, you can see the urbanization of Bangkok, growing inevery direction, shifting from porous, agricultural land -- the land that canbreathe and absorb water -- to a concrete jungle. This is what parts of it looklike after 30 minutes of rainfall. And every time it rains, I wish my car couldturn into a boat. This land has no room for water. It has lost its absorbentcapacity.

這是氣候變化帶來的一個嚴重結(jié)果：我們的城市正在沉陷。你可以看到曼谷的城區(qū)正在向四周擴大，從蓬松的耕地，能夠呼吸空氣和雨水的土地，變成了水泥的叢林。這就是在三十分鐘的降雨后城市中部分地區(qū)的掠影，每次下雨，我都希望我的車能變成一艘小船。這片土地已經(jīng)水飽和了，失去了吸水的能力。

01:34

The reality of Bangkok's metropolitanregion is a city of 15 million people living, working and commuting on top of ashifting, muddy river delta. Bangkok is sinking more than one centimeter peryear, which is four times faster than the rate of predicted sea level rise. Andwe could be below sea level by 2030, which will be here too soon.

曼谷這座大都會城市匯集了一千五百萬人，他們工作、生活和通勤在這個會移動的和布滿淤泥的河岸上。曼谷每年都會下沉超過1厘米。這比海平面上升的速度高出了4倍。到2030年，這座城市可能會低于海平面，沒有多少時間了。

02:13

There is no coincidence that I am here as alandscape architect. As a child, I grew up in a row house next to the busy roadalways filled with traffic. In front of my house, there was a concrete parkinglot, and that was my playground. The only living creature I would find, and hadfun with, were these sneaky little plants trying to grow through the crack ofthe concrete pavement. My favorite game with friends was to dig a bigger andbigger hole through this crack to let this little plant creep out -- sneak outmore and more. And yes, landscape architecture gives me the opportunity tocontinue my cracking ambition --

作為景觀設(shè)計師，我站在這里并不是偶然。小時候，我在一個繁忙公路旁的排屋長大。在屋子的前面，有一個水泥地的停車場，那里是我的游樂場。我能發(fā)現(xiàn)的唯一生物，也是非常喜歡的，就是在水泥地裂縫中悄悄生長的那些小小的綠色植物。我和朋友們最喜歡的游戲就是在這些裂縫中挖一個更大的坑，讓這些小植物能夠生長，不斷地爬出來。是的，景觀設(shè)計使我能夠有機會 繼續(xù)實現(xiàn)我遠大的目標，

03:14

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

03:16

to connect this concrete land back tonature.

將水泥地與大自然融為一體。

03:22

Before, Thais -- my people -- we wereadapted to the cycle of the wet and dry season, and you could call usamphibious.

以前，我們泰國人適應(yīng)了干濕交替的季節(jié)變換。你可以說我們是水陸兩棲。

03:35

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

03:36

We lived both on land and on water. We wereadapted to both. And flooding was a happy event, when the water fertilized ourland. But now, flooding means ... disaster.

我們可以在陸地上和水上生活，兩種環(huán)境都可以適應(yīng)。洪水是一件令人開心的事情，因為水能夠滋養(yǎng)土地。但現(xiàn)在，洪澇卻意味著——災(zāi)難。

03:55

In 2011, Thailand was hit by the mostdamaging and the most expensive flood disaster in our history. Flooding hasturned central Thailand into an enormous lake. Here, you can see the scale ofthe flood in the center of the image, to the scale of Bangkok, outlined inyellow. The water was overflowing from the north, making its way across severalprovinces. Millions of my people, including me and my family, were displacedand homeless. Some had to escape the city. Many were terrified of losing theirhome and their belongings, so they stayed back in the flood with no electricityand clean water.

在2011年，泰國歷經(jīng)了一場史上最嚴重，也是經(jīng)濟損失最大的洪澇災(zāi)害。這讓泰國中心地區(qū)變成了一個巨大的湖泊。你可以在圖片中央看到這場洪水的規(guī)模，黃線標出的是曼谷地區(qū)。洪水從北部地區(qū)開始蔓延至好幾個省區(qū)。數(shù)百萬泰國人民，包括我和我的家人都無家可歸。有些人不得不逃離城市。很多人都害怕失去他們的房子和財產(chǎn)，所以他們留了下來，忍受著沒有電和純凈水的日子。

04:56

For me, this flood reflects clearly thatour modern infrastructure, and especially our notion of fighting flood withconcrete, had made us so extremely vulnerable to the climate uncertainty. Butin the heart of this disaster, I found my calling. I cannot just sit and waitas my city continues to sink. The city needed me, and I had the ability to fixthis problem.

與我而言，這場洪水清晰地反映了我們的現(xiàn)代基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，特別是我們用水泥建筑來抵御洪水的想法，已經(jīng)讓我們在變化多端的氣候面前顯得相當脆弱。但也是在這場災(zāi)難中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的使命。我不能眼睜睜地看著我的城市下沉。我的城市需要我，而我也有能力解決這一問題。

05:35

Six years ago, I started my project. Myteams and I won the design competition for Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. Thiswas the big, bold mission of the first university in Thailand for celebratingits hundredth anniversary by giving this piece of land as a public park to ourcity. Having a park sounds very normal to many other cities, but not inBangkok, which has one of the lowest public green space per capita amongmegacities in Asia. Our project's become the first new public park in almost 30years. The 11-acre park -- a big green crack at the heart of Bangkok -- openedjust last year.

六年前，我開始了我的項目。我和我的團隊贏得了一個抗洪公園的設(shè)計比賽，這是為泰國第一所大學的百年校慶而開啟的一項大膽而艱巨的任務(wù)，把這片土地變成一座城市公園。在其他城市，有城市公園是一個很正常的事情，但曼谷卻不同，它是亞洲的超大型城市中人均公共綠色面積最低的城市之一。我們的項目成為了30年里第一個城市公園。這個11英畝的公園——宛如曼谷中心的一道巨大綠色裂縫——在去年向公眾開放了。

06:39

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼聲）

06:40

Thank you.

謝謝！

06:42

(Applause)

（掌聲）

06:46

For four years, we have pushed throughcountless meetings to convince and never give up to convincing that this parkisn't just for beautification or recreation: it must help the city deal withwater, it must help the city confront climate change.

四年中，我們開了無數(shù)次會議，以努力確保這座公園不僅僅是為了美化或娛樂，它必須能夠幫助城市抗洪，必須能夠幫助城市抵御氣候變化。

07:06

And here is how it works. Bangkok is a flatcity, so we harnessed the power of gravity by inclining the whole park tocollect every drop of rain. The gravity force pulls down the runoff from thehighest point to the lowest point. This park has three main elements that workas one system. The first -- the green roof. This is the biggest green roof inThailand, with the rainwater tanks and museum underneath. In the dry season,the collected rain can be used to water the park for up to a month. The runoffon the green roof then falls through wetlands with the native water plants thatcan help filter and help clean water. And at the lower end, the retention pondcollects all of the water.

這個公園是這樣運作的。曼谷位于平原上，因此我們讓整個公園傾斜，來利用地吸引力收集雨水。重力作用迫使雨水從最高點流向最低點。公園的這個排水系統(tǒng)由三個主要部分構(gòu)成。第一個，綠色的屋頂。這是泰國最大的綠色屋頂，有雨水收集器和地下博物館。在干燥的季節(jié)里，收集的雨水可以灌溉公園一個月。綠色屋頂?shù)挠晁鬟^濕地區(qū)域，那里的水生植物能夠過濾和凈化水源。在地勢低洼的另一端，蓄水池塘收集所有的雨水。

08:10

At this pond, there are water bikes. Peoplecan pedal and help clean water. Their exercise becomes an active part of thepark water system. When life gives you a flood, you have fun with the water.

在池塘里，有腳踏船。人們可以通過踩腳踏船來清潔池水。這些活動成為了公園水系統(tǒng)的一個活躍部分。如果生活給你洪水，你就在水中嬉戲。

08:30

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

08:33

Centenary Park gives room for people androom for water, which is exactly what we and our cities need. This is anamphibious design. This park is not about getting rid of flood. It's aboutcreating a way to live with it. And not a single drop of rain is wasted in thispark. This park can hold and collect a million gallons of water.

這座紀念公園給了人和水空間，這正是我們和城市所需要的。這是一個水陸融合的設(shè)計。這座公園的用途并不在于消除洪水，而在于創(chuàng)造一種與雨水共生的方式。在這座公園里，沒有一滴雨水會被浪費掉。它可以容納一百萬加侖的雨水。

09:09

(Applause)

(掌聲)

09:10

Thank you.

謝謝。

09:12

(Applause)

（掌聲）

09:16

Every given project, for me, is anopportunity to create more green cracks through this concrete jungle by usinglandscape architecture as a solution, like turning this concrete roof into anurban farm, which can help absorb rain; reduce urban heat island and grow foodin the middle of the city; reuse the abandoned concrete structure to become agreen pedestrian bridge; and another flood-proof park at Thammasat University,which nearly completes the biggest green roof on an academic campus yet inSoutheast Asia.

對我來說，每一個項目都是在水泥叢林中創(chuàng)造綠色裂縫的機會，用景觀設(shè)計作為解決方案，就像把這個水泥屋頂變?yōu)槌鞘修r(nóng)場，能夠吸納雨水，減少氣候熱島效應(yīng)，并在城市中央種植糧食；再利用廢棄鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)來建造綠色步行橋；位于福井大學的另一座抗洪公園幾乎是整個東南亞地區(qū)最大的校園綠色屋頂。

10:07

Severe flooding is our new normal, puttingthe southeast Asian region -- the region with the most coastline -- at extremerisk. Creating a park is just one solution. The awareness of climate changemeans we, in every profession we are involved, are increasingly obligated tounderstand the climate risk and put whatever we are working on as part of thesolution. Because if our cities continue the way they are now, a similarcatastrophe will happen again ... and again.

嚴重洪澇已成為日常，這讓東南亞地區(qū)，世界上擁有最長海岸線的地區(qū)，陷入了危險之中。建造公園只是一個解決方案。對氣候變化的意識意味著來自各行各業(yè)的我們，都有更多義務(wù)去了解氣候變化的風險，并在我們的工作中尋找解決方案。因為如果我們的城市像這樣繼續(xù)下沉，災(zāi)難會不斷地重復(fù)上演。

11:02

Creating a solution in these sinking citiesis like making the impossible possible. And for that, I would like to share oneword that I always keep in mind, that is, "tangjai." The literaltranslation for "tang" is "to firmly stand," and"jai" means "heart." Firmly stand your heart at your goal.In Thai language, when you commit to do something, you put tangjai in front ofyour word, so your heart will be in your action. No matter how rough the path,how big the crack, you push through to your goal, because that's where yourheart is.

在下陷的城市里創(chuàng)造一個解決方案，就如同把不可能變?yōu)榭赡?。為此，我想分享我始終銘記在心的一個詞，那就是 "tangjai"。“tang”可以翻譯成“堅決支持”，“jai”的意思是“心”。堅持你心中的目標。在泰語中，當你心無旁騖地做某件事的時候，就在你說的話前加上“tangjai”，這樣一來你就能夠心有所向，言行一致。無論路途多么艱難，裂縫多么巨大，你會都向著目標不斷前行，因為那是你心之向往。

12:05

And yes, Thailand is home. This land is myonly home, and that's where I firmly stand my heart. Where do you stand yours?

是的，泰國是我的家。這片土地是我唯一的家，它是我所堅持的心中目標。你心中的目標又是什么呢？

12:22

Thank you.

謝謝。

12:23

(Applause)

（掌聲）

12:24

Thank you.

謝謝。

12:26

Kòp kun ka.

（泰語）謝謝。

12:27

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼聲）