Dawn breaks on Finland’s tech scene 關(guān)于芬蘭的三個(gè)故事

Finland has long been in the economic doldrums. Weighed down by the steep decline in Nokia’s once dominant mobile phone business, the country has been mired in recession for four years.

芬蘭處于經(jīng)濟(jì)低谷已經(jīng)很久了。受到諾基亞(Nokia)一度占統(tǒng)治地位的手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)暴跌的影響，該國(guó)4年來(lái)一直深陷衰退泥潭。

But three pieces of corporate news in recent days hint at some cause for optimism for Finland — and point to some of its challenges. All three come in consumer technology, an area in which Finland has overcome its long-held stereotype as shy and retiring (a classic Finnish joke goes: how do you tell a Finnish extrovert from an introvert? The extrovert looks at your shoes).

但近來(lái)的三條企業(yè)新聞暗示了一些看好芬蘭的理由，同時(shí)也指向該國(guó)面臨的一些挑戰(zhàn)。這三條新聞都來(lái)自消費(fèi)科技領(lǐng)域，芬蘭在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域克服了其長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)靦腆和不愛(ài)與人交際的印象(一個(gè)經(jīng)典的芬蘭笑話是這樣的：如何分辨一個(gè)外向的芬蘭人和一個(gè)內(nèi)向的芬蘭人?外向的那個(gè)人會(huì)盯著你的鞋)。

First up was the release of Angry Birds, a film based on an app that once conquered the world but recently seemed to fall out of favour. To the surprise of many people, not least this columnist after attending the tepid, almost laughter-free premiere in Helsinki, the film shot to the top of the box office charts in the US and China.

首先是《憤怒的小鳥(niǎo)》(Angry Birds)電影上映。這部電影是基于一款曾經(jīng)征服世界、但最近似乎不再受到青睞的app制作的。讓很多人(尤其是我這個(gè)參加了這部電影在赫爾辛基舉行的不溫不火，幾乎沒(méi)有笑聲的首映式的專欄作家)感到驚訝的是，這部電影一躍登上美國(guó)和中國(guó)票房榜的榜首。

The film is nothing less than an all-in bet by Rovio Entertainment, the developer of Angry Birds. The company once had an ambition to become a new-age Walt Disney, building Angry Birds playgrounds and theme parks, selling Angry Birds fishing rods and sodas as well as making games and cartoons.

這部電影幾乎可以說(shuō)是“憤怒的小鳥(niǎo)”開(kāi)發(fā)商Rovio Entertainment的孤注一擲之舉。這家公司曾經(jīng)懷有成為新時(shí)代的華特迪士尼公司(Walt Disney)的抱負(fù)，建造憤怒的小鳥(niǎo)游樂(lè)場(chǎng)和主題公園，售賣憤怒的小鳥(niǎo)釣魚(yú)竿、碳酸飲料，同時(shí)制作游戲和漫畫(huà)。

That vision, however, clouded over as the game’s popularity dipped, leading to three consecutive years of shrinking revenues and a loss last year. It has shed nearly half of its workers in the past two years. It took the unusual step of using its own cash on the film, spending $73m on the production and more on the marketing. As a result, despite the box office success, Rovio is not yet guaranteed to make much profit from the production. But it may hope the spillover effects will invigorate its faltering games business.

然而，隨著該游戲的人氣下滑，導(dǎo)致該公司連續(xù)3年收入下降，去年出現(xiàn)虧損，這一愿景被蒙上陰云。過(guò)去兩年期間，該公司裁掉了近一半員工。該公司采取了用自己的資金投資這部電影的不尋常之舉，在電影制作上投入了7300萬(wàn)美元，在營(yíng)銷上砸下更多資金。其結(jié)果是，雖然該片在票房上取得成功，但Rovio還無(wú)法保證從制作這部電影獲得高額利潤(rùn)。不過(guò)，該公司可能希望影片的溢出效應(yīng)將提振其搖搖欲墜的游戲業(yè)務(wù)。

The second piece of news was Nokia’s return to mobile phones after selling its original business to Microsoft in 2014. Under a complicated deal, Nokia-branded phones and tablets will be made by Taiwan’s Foxconn and marketed by a new Finnish company. The local relief was palpable. “Nokia’s comeback gains pace. Lifting spirits in Finland,” tweeted Olli Rehn, Finland’s economy minister. It is hard to exaggerate the psychological boost Nokia’s success in the consumer world had in the 1990s and 2000s on Finland, which hitherto had been solely a business-to-business specialist.

第二條新聞是，自2014年將其原有業(yè)務(wù)賣給微軟(Microsoft)后，諾基亞重拾手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的協(xié)議，諾基亞品牌的手機(jī)和平板電腦將由臺(tái)灣的富士康(Foxconn)制造，一家新的芬蘭公司將負(fù)責(zé)這些產(chǎn)品的營(yíng)銷。芬蘭當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜玑屩刎?fù)感很明顯。“諾基亞復(fù)出的步伐加快了。提振了芬蘭的精神，”芬蘭經(jīng)濟(jì)部長(zhǎng)奧利•雷恩(Olli Rehn)在Twitter上發(fā)帖稱。上世紀(jì)90年代和2000年代，諾基亞在消費(fèi)者領(lǐng)域的成功給芬蘭帶來(lái)的心理提振怎么說(shuō)都不為過(guò)，在那之前諾基亞僅僅是一個(gè)企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)的專家。

The return to phones is pretty low-risk and low-return. Nokia has avoided the dangers of manufacturing its own devices and instead plumped for royalty payments for the use of its brand and patents. Still, the deal is testament to the resurrection of Nokia, whose future was far from certain before the €5.4bn Microsoft sale.

重拾手機(jī)業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和回報(bào)都相當(dāng)?shù)汀ＶZ基亞避開(kāi)了自己制造設(shè)備的危險(xiǎn)，而是選擇收取使用其品牌和專利的許可費(fèi)。話雖如此，這筆交易是諾基亞復(fù)活的證明，當(dāng)初該公司在作價(jià)54億歐元把手機(jī)部門出售給微軟之前也面臨著不確定的未來(lái)。

The final bit of news features Supercell, which can arguably claim to be Nokia’s successor as Finland’s leading consumer company. Japan’s SoftBank, which owns a majority stake in the developer of the hit mobile games Clash of Clans, Hay Day, Boom Beach and Clash Royale, is reportedly putting a majority stake up for sale at a price that would value it at more than $5bn.

最后一條新聞涉及Supercell，該公司堪稱繼諾基亞之后芬蘭首屈一指的消費(fèi)者企業(yè)。熱門手機(jī)游戲部落沖突(Clash of Clans)、卡通農(nóng)場(chǎng)(Hay Day)、海島奇兵(Boom Beach)和部落沖突：皇室戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(Clash Royale)均由該公司開(kāi)發(fā)。持有該公司多數(shù)股權(quán)的日本軟銀(SoftBank)據(jù)報(bào)道正要出售其所持股權(quán)，售價(jià)意味著該公司的估值超過(guò)50億美元。

Any deal would be bittersweet for the company, which hailed the 2013 investment, saying its new investor had a focus that “isn’t on the next 10 years but the next 100 years”. But the sale talk underlines how the Finnish company has become one of the successes of the hyper-competitive mobile gaming sector. With just three games — Clash Royale was released this spring — Supercell last year had revenues of €2.1bn and operating profits of €848m.

任何交易對(duì)這家公司來(lái)說(shuō)都是喜憂參半。該公司曾盛贊軟銀在2013年的投資，稱這位新投資者的關(guān)注點(diǎn)“不在于下一個(gè)10年，而是下一個(gè)100年”。但軟銀出售Supercell股權(quán)的談判突顯出這家芬蘭公司已成為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)極為激烈的手機(jī)游戲業(yè)的成功者之一。僅僅依靠3款游戲(部落沖突：皇室戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是今年春天才發(fā)布的)，Supercell去年實(shí)現(xiàn)了21億歐元的收入和8.48億歐元的營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)。

But Supercell made all that money with fewer than 200 employees. By contrast, Nokia had as many as 130,000 in 2010-11, which was down to 56,000 at the end of last year. Rovio, which at its peak employed 800 people, has fewer than 500. Indeed, Microsoft’s announcement of 1,350 job cuts in Finland on Wednesday underscores how the pain from Nokia’s legacy still outweighs any recent employment gains.

但是，Supercell只用不到200個(gè)員工實(shí)現(xiàn)了這樣的業(yè)績(jī)。相比之下，諾基亞在2010-11年度有多達(dá)13萬(wàn)員工，在去年底縮減到了5.6萬(wàn)名員工。Rovio在頂峰的時(shí)候雇傭了800名員工，目前不到500名。的確，微軟最近宣布在芬蘭裁減1350個(gè)工作崗位，突顯出諾基亞的遺留影響依然超過(guò)近期的就業(yè)增加。

This puts into perspective the quest to develop European technology groups to rival the big US operators. Supercell and its backers chose to sell out to an Asian company rather than take the risk of development on themselves, and Rovio’s plans for an initial public offering are still very much on the back burner.

這讓人們客觀看待發(fā)展歐洲科技公司、使其能夠與大型美國(guó)對(duì)手匹敵的追求。Supercell和其贊助者選擇將股份出售給一家亞洲公司，而不是自行承擔(dān)發(fā)展風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而Rovio的首次公開(kāi)發(fā)行(IPO)計(jì)劃依然遙遙無(wú)期。

Finland’s tech scene may be impressive in Europe but it shows just how far the continent still has to go.

在歐洲，芬蘭科技業(yè)可能讓人印象深刻，但這也表明歐洲大陸還有多長(zhǎng)的路要走。