新的補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃限制了學(xué)生獲得福利的權(quán)力

新的補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃限制了學(xué)生獲得福利的權(quán)力

Some low-income college students are among the 688.000 food stamp recipients projected to lose benefits as a result of a Trump administration rule announced Dec. 4. While the rule explicitly targets "able-bodied adults without dependents," it also limits food assistance for a share of college students at a time when campuses across the country are grappling with how to respond to food insecurity.

由于特朗普政府12月4日宣布的一項(xiàng)規(guī)定，預(yù)計(jì)將有68.8萬(wàn)名領(lǐng)取食品券的人失去福利，其中包括一些低收入的大學(xué)生。雖然這項(xiàng)規(guī)定明確針對(duì)的是“沒(méi)有家眷的身體健全的成年人”，但它也限制了一部分大學(xué)生的食品援助，而此時(shí)美國(guó)各地的大學(xué)校園都在努力應(yīng)對(duì)食品不安全問(wèn)題。

The new rule makes it harder for states to waive the requirement that adults work at least 20 hours a week in order to receive their Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — or SNAP — benefits. Policy experts say it will limit benefits for college students while further complicating the already confusing process of determining students' eligibility and connecting them to resources.

這項(xiàng)新規(guī)定使得各州更難放棄成年人每周至少工作20小時(shí)才能獲得補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃福利的要求。政策專(zhuān)家表示，這將限制大學(xué)生的福利，同時(shí)使本已令人困惑的確定學(xué)生資格并將他們與資源聯(lián)系起來(lái)的過(guò)程變得更加復(fù)雜。

Most college students are excluded from receiving SNAP by design, Larin says.

拉林說(shuō)，大多數(shù)大學(xué)生故意被補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃排除在外。

This is because Congress created the program with the image of a "traditional" student in mind: someone entering college directly from high school, financially reliant on their parents, with no income or dependents.

這是因?yàn)閲?guó)會(huì)在制定這一計(jì)劃時(shí)考慮到了“傳統(tǒng)”學(xué)生的形象:有些人從高中直接進(jìn)入大學(xué)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依賴(lài)父母，沒(méi)有收入，也沒(méi)有被撫養(yǎng)人。

But this archetype is far from universal, says Parker Gilkesson, an analyst at the Center for Law and Social Policy who specializes in income and work supports. Only about 1 in 4 students attend a four-year institution immediately after high school.

但這種原型遠(yuǎn)不是普遍存在的，帕克·吉爾克森說(shuō)，他是法律與社會(huì)政策中心的一名分析師，專(zhuān)門(mén)研究收入和工作支持。只有大約四分之一的學(xué)生高中畢業(yè)后立即進(jìn)入四年制院校學(xué)習(xí)。

Many college students are older or are parents themselves. And few have a financial safety net: Countless families are spending all they have just to send their children to college, let alone pay for their food and other necessities, she says.

許多大學(xué)生年齡更大，或者他們自己為人父母。她說(shuō)，幾乎沒(méi)有人有經(jīng)濟(jì)保障:無(wú)數(shù)家庭把所有的錢(qián)都花在送孩子上大學(xué)上，更不用說(shuō)買(mǎi)食物和其他必需品了。

"[Congress] did recognize there are circumstances where students could and should be eligible for SNAP, and so they set up a number of exceptions from this prohibition against college students getting SNAP," Larin said. "What are those exemptions, who is eligible for them, how do you meet those exemptions? That's where the confusion comes in."

拉林說(shuō)：“(國(guó)會(huì))確實(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到，在某些情況下，學(xué)生可以而且應(yīng)該有資格獲得補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃，因此他們?cè)O(shè)立了一些例外，禁止大學(xué)生獲得補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃。”“這些例外是什么?誰(shuí)有資格獲得這些例外?你如何滿足這些例外?這就是困惑所在。”

In order for college students to be eligible for SNAP, they must first meet income and asset limits, household qualifications and immigration status requirements. Those who are enrolled less than half of the time — as defined by their school — can then qualify under standard SNAP rules.

為了使大學(xué)生有資格參加補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃，他們必須首先滿足收入和資產(chǎn)限制、家庭資格和移民身份的要求。那些注冊(cè)時(shí)間不足一半的學(xué)生——根據(jù)他們所在學(xué)校的規(guī)定——可以根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃的規(guī)則獲得資格。

Students enrolled more than half of the time may qualify for SNAP by meeting one of a number of criteria, which include being responsible for a dependent child younger than 6. working at least 20 hours a week in paid employment, receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families benefits, participating in an on-the-job training program, being outside the 18-49 age range, and being unable to work for health reasons.

入學(xué)時(shí)間超過(guò)一半的學(xué)生可以通過(guò)滿足一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的一項(xiàng)來(lái)獲得補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃的資格，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)照顧6歲以下的受扶養(yǎng)兒童、每周至少在有償工作中工作20小時(shí)、接受貧困家庭福利臨時(shí)援助、參加在職培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃、在18-49歲范圍之外以及因健康原因無(wú)法工作。