貓的確能與人建立感情，即使它們并不總是表現(xiàn)出來(lái)

貓的確能與人建立感情，即使它們并不總是表現(xiàn)出來(lái)

Some cats may seem a little more aloof than dogs, but they respond to the people they've bonded with in a similar way, according to a new study.

一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，有些貓可能看起來(lái)比狗更冷漠，但它們對(duì)與它們有親密關(guān)系的人的反應(yīng)方式是相似的。

Research at Oregon State University has shown that cats can form secure or insecure bonds with their owners. The researchers now believe the trait isn't specific to dogs, as similar research has shown, since it now applies to cats.

俄勒岡州立大學(xué)的研究表明，貓可以與主人形成牢固或不牢固的關(guān)系。研究人員現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，這一特性并不像類似的研究所顯示的那樣，是狗特有的，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在也適用于貓。

During human attachment behavior studies, researchers look at how babies respond when they're reunited with their parent or caregiver after a short absence. When they're reunited, securely bonded babies return to exploring their surroundings in a relaxed way. About 65% of babies have a secure attachment. But insecurely attached babies will either avoid their parent or cling to them.

在人類依戀行為研究中，研究人員觀察嬰兒在短暫的離開(kāi)后與父母或看護(hù)者團(tuán)聚時(shí)的反應(yīng)。當(dāng)他們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)候，(與父母或看護(hù)者)有牢固聯(lián)系的嬰兒會(huì)以一種放松的方式回到他們周圍探索。大約65%的嬰兒有牢固的依戀關(guān)系。但是聯(lián)系不牢固的嬰兒要么會(huì)避開(kāi)父母，要么會(huì)緊緊抱住他們。

The same tests have been simulated with primates as well. After applying it to dogs, babies and primates, the researchers wanted to see what would happen when they added cats and kittens to the scenario.

同樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)也在靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行了模擬。在將其應(yīng)用于狗、嬰兒和靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物之后，研究人員想看看當(dāng)他們將貓咪加入場(chǎng)景時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。

The cats and kittens would individually spend two minutes in a room with their owner or caregiver. Then, the person would leave the room for two minutes, followed by a two minute reunion. This is called a "secure base test."

貓咪們會(huì)單獨(dú)和主人或看護(hù)者在一個(gè)房間里呆上兩分鐘。然后，這個(gè)人會(huì)離開(kāi)房間兩分鐘，兩分鐘后再次相聚。這被稱為“牢固基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試”。

About 65% of the cats and kittens were found to be securely bonded to their owners. Their finding shows that the cats' bonds with people were stable in adulthood, and not just present in kittens.

大約65%的貓咪被發(fā)現(xiàn)與它們的主人牢固地聯(lián)系在一起。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，貓與人的關(guān)系在成年期是牢固的，而不僅僅存在于小貓咪身上。

The securely attached cats will continue to explore their surroundings after their owner returned, as well as pay attention to their owner. The insecurely attached cats showed signs of stress, like twitching tails, licking lips, avoiding their owner or jumping in their lap and not moving, which is a sign of ambivalence.

依戀關(guān)系牢固的貓?jiān)谥魅嘶貋?lái)后會(huì)繼續(xù)探索周圍的環(huán)境，同時(shí)也會(huì)注意主人。依戀關(guān)系不牢固的貓咪表現(xiàn)出了緊張的跡象，比如抖動(dòng)尾巴、舔嘴唇、避開(kāi)它們的主人，或者跳到它們的腿上不動(dòng)，這是一種矛盾心理的表現(xiàn)。

A study detailing the findings published Monday in the journal Cell Press. The researchers disclosed that their study was supported by a Nestle Purina sponsorship for research about the emotional well-being of cats and dogs. "Like dogs, cats display social flexibility in regard to their attachments with humans," said Kristyn Vitale, study author and researcher at Oregon State University's Human-Animal Interaction Lab. "The majority of cats are securely attached to their owner and use them as a source of security in a novel environment."

周一發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究詳細(xì)介紹了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。研究人員透露，他們的研究得到了雀巢普瑞納公司贊助的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于貓狗情感幸福感的研究的支持。俄勒岡州立大學(xué)人與動(dòng)物互動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員、該研究的作者克里斯汀·維塔萊說(shuō):“就像狗一樣，貓?jiān)谂c人交往方面表現(xiàn)出了社會(huì)靈活性。”“大多數(shù)貓咪都與主人有牢固的聯(lián)系，在一個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境里，它們會(huì)把主人當(dāng)做安全的來(lái)源。”

Even kittens who went through a 6-week socialization training course did not shift their bond with their owner.

即使是經(jīng)過(guò)6周社會(huì)化訓(xùn)練課程的小貓咪也沒(méi)有改變它們與主人的關(guān)系。

"Once an attachment style has been established between the cat and its caregiver, it appears to remain relatively stable over time, even after a training and socialization intervention," Vitale said. "Cats that are insecure can be likely to run and hide or seem to act aloof.

維塔萊說(shuō):“一旦貓咪和照顧它的人之間建立起一種依戀關(guān)系，即使經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練和社會(huì)化干預(yù)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，它似乎會(huì)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。”缺乏安全感的貓可能會(huì)逃跑、躲藏，或者表現(xiàn)得冷漠。

There's long been a biased way of thinking that all cats behave this way. But the majority of cats use their owner as a source of security. Your cat is depending on you to feel secure when they are stressed out."

一直以來(lái)，人們都有一種偏見(jiàn)，認(rèn)為所有的貓都是這樣的。但是大多數(shù)貓把它們的主人作為安全的來(lái)源。你的貓?jiān)诰o張的時(shí)候會(huì)依靠你來(lái)獲得安全感。”

The bonding revelation gives the researchers hope for how many cats could be placed in homes in the future, especially given how many cats and kittens are present in animal shelters.

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)讓研究人員對(duì)未來(lái)有多少只貓可以被養(yǎng)在家中產(chǎn)生了希望，尤其是考慮到有多少只貓和小貓被安置在動(dòng)物收容所。