女性在產(chǎn)后也需要得到關(guān)心與照顧

女性在產(chǎn)后也需要得到關(guān)心與照顧

Becoming a mother is a variable experience, fluctuating in its joys and challenges before, during and after birth.

成為母親是一種變化無(wú)常的經(jīng)歷，在分娩前、分娩中、分娩后的喜悅和挑戰(zhàn)中搖擺不定。

These phases are of equal importance, but the postnatal period (post-birth) is key to a mother's well-being, her adaptation to changes and the formation of a positive relationship with her baby.

這些階段同樣重要，但產(chǎn)后階段(出生后)對(duì)母親的健康、對(duì)變化的適應(yīng)以及與嬰兒形成積極的關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。

The postnatal period is also an underserved aspect of maternity care, receiving less funding, service and attention from health providers, according to a new review on what matters most to women after giving birth, published Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE. Add to that a worrisome pandemic, and it becomes even more crucial to prioritize a woman's well-beingduring this time of adjustment.

周三發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館•綜合》雜志上的一篇關(guān)于產(chǎn)后對(duì)女性最重要的事情的新評(píng)論稱，產(chǎn)后期也是產(chǎn)科護(hù)理中服務(wù)不足的一個(gè)方面，衛(wèi)生服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)提供的資金、服務(wù)和關(guān)注都較少。在這一令人擔(dān)憂的大流行之外，在這一調(diào)整時(shí)期優(yōu)先考慮婦女的健康狀況變得更加重要。

"Once the baby's out healthy, then people are kind of less bothered," said co-author Soo Downe, a professor in midwifery studies at the University of Central Lancashire in England. And commercial hospital systems may not see as much profit in keeping up with the wellness of the mother after birth, she added.

英國(guó)中央蘭開夏大學(xué)的助產(chǎn)學(xué)教授、該研究報(bào)告的合著者蘇•唐恩說(shuō):“一旦孩子健康出生，人們就不會(huì)那么煩惱了。”她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，商業(yè)醫(yī)院系統(tǒng)可能無(wú)法在維持產(chǎn)婦產(chǎn)后健康方面獲得同樣多的利潤(rùn)。

"There's all this intense focus on women's health during the three trimesters of pregnancy and then women deliver and there's really very little support after that," said Dr. Denise Jamieson, chair of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Emory University and chief of gynecology and obstetrics at Emory Healthcare. Jamieson wasn't involved in the study.

埃默里大學(xué)婦產(chǎn)科系主任、埃默里醫(yī)療集團(tuán)婦產(chǎn)科主任丹尼斯·杰米森博士說(shuō):“人們非常關(guān)注女性在妊娠三個(gè)月期間的健康狀況，之后婦女分娩，在這之后得到的支持就很少了。”杰米森沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究。

"The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is really trying to promote this idea that postpartum care is not one isolated postpartum visit, but rather an ongoing process where there's a lot of opportunity to provide services and support and address medical and psychological issues," Jamieson said.

杰米森說(shuō):“美國(guó)婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師學(xué)會(huì)正在努力推廣這一理念，即產(chǎn)后護(hù)理并不是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的產(chǎn)后訪問，而是一個(gè)持續(xù)的過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中有很多提供服務(wù)和支持的機(jī)會(huì)，可以解決醫(yī)療和心理問題。”

Guidelines for postnatal care aren't usually informed by what matters to the women who use them, the report said. Existing studies judging the efficacy of services for postnatal care are typically guided by how women responded to services that were put in place without consultation of their needs first.

該報(bào)告說(shuō)，產(chǎn)后護(hù)理的指導(dǎo)方針通常不會(huì)由使用這些指導(dǎo)方針的婦女所關(guān)心的問題決定?，F(xiàn)有的研究對(duì)產(chǎn)后護(hù)理服務(wù)的有效性進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，其指導(dǎo)原則通常是婦女如何對(duì)那些事先沒有咨詢她們的需要而提供的服務(wù)作出反應(yīng)。

For the report, the authors searched several medical and psychological databases for studies that, from 2000 to 2019. reported data on women's beliefs, expectations and values relating to the postnatal period.

為了撰寫這份報(bào)告，作者搜索了幾個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)和心理學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，尋找2000年至2019年期間有關(guān)女性產(chǎn)后信仰、期望和價(jià)值觀的研究報(bào)告。

They included studies that focused on healthy women in high- or upper-middle income countries, regardless of how many children they'd had, how they delivered or place of birth.

其中包括針對(duì)高收入或中高收入國(guó)家的健康女性的研究，而不管她們生了多少孩子、如何分娩或出生地點(diǎn)。

From the studies, the authors generated 22 common themes they put under five umbrellas: riding the emotional rapids, social and relationship adaptation, community, the birthing body and postnatal care.

從這些研究中，作者提出了22個(gè)共同的主題，并將其分為5個(gè)類別:駕馭情感激流、社會(huì)和關(guān)系適應(yīng)、社區(qū)、生育身體和產(chǎn)后護(hù)理。

What mattered most to women was a positive postnatal experience in which they were able to adapt to their new identity and develop a sense of confidence and competence as a mother. It was also important that they could adjust to the changes in their intimate and family relationships, including their connection to their baby.

對(duì)婦女來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的是一種積極的產(chǎn)后經(jīng)歷，在這種經(jīng)歷中，她們能夠適應(yīng)自己的新身份，并形成一種作為母親的信心和能力。同樣重要的是，他們能夠適應(yīng)親密和家庭關(guān)系的變化，包括她們與孩子之間的聯(lián)系。

The ability to navigate ordinary physical and emotional challenges was necessary. And to experience the achievement of personal growth as they adjusted to the new normal of motherhood and parenting in their own cultural context was imperative.

應(yīng)對(duì)普通生理和心理挑戰(zhàn)的能力是必要的。當(dāng)他們?cè)谧约旱奈幕尘爸羞m應(yīng)了母親和養(yǎng)育子女的新常態(tài)時(shí)，體驗(yàn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的成就是必要的。

"Where this process is optimal, it also results in joy, self-confidence and an enhanced capacity to thrive in the new integrated identity of 'woman and mother,'" the report said.

報(bào)告稱:“在這個(gè)過(guò)程最理想的地方，它也會(huì)帶來(lái)快樂、自信，以及在‘女人和母親’的新身份中茁壯成長(zhǎng)的能力增強(qiáng)。”