哥倫布是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸的

Today we're going to learn about thefamous explorer, Christopher Columbus.Christopher Columbus, most famous forhis historic voyages across the AtlanticOcean, was born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy.The son of a weaver, Columbus begansailing as a young teen.WestAfriceand Spain. uga,In 1476 Columbus was shipwrecked offthe coast of Portugal.He swam to shore and settled in Lisbon.It was there that he was first married,and his first son, Diego, was born.In 1485, his wife died, and Columbusmoved to Spain.A few years later, his second son,Fernando, was born.It was about this time, that ChristopherColumbus began to be fascinated bythe idea that it might be possible to sail west from Europe to reach Asia.

今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是著名的探險(xiǎn)家克里斯托弗哥倫布?？死锼雇懈ジ鐐惒加?451年出生于意大利熱那亞,他以歷史性橫渡大西洋的航行而聞名。作為一個(gè)紡織工的兒子，哥倫布十幾歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始航海了。他航行過(guò)許多地方--希臘、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、冰島、葡萄牙、西非和西班牙。1476年哥倫布在葡萄牙海岸遭遇海難。他游到岸邊，在里斯本安頓下來(lái)。在那里，他第一 次結(jié)婚，并且他的第一 個(gè)兒子迭玄出生了。1485年，他的妻子去世了，哥倫布搬到了西班牙。幾年后，他的第二個(gè)兒子費(fèi)爾南多出生了。大約在這個(gè)時(shí)候，克里斯托弗.哥倫布開(kāi)始對(duì)他這個(gè)想法的可能性著迷，即從歐洲出發(fā)向西航行到達(dá)亞洲。

Trade of spices and silk with India andChina was incredibly important. Andincredibly profitable.But the journey, whether overland or bysea, was long and dangerousdirectly from Europe to Asia by goinghe could make a lot of money andbecome very wealthy.It is a misperception that most peopleback then thought that the world wasflat.In fact, most people knew that theworld was round,but nautical experts thought thatColumbus had estimated the distancefrom Europe to Asia to be much toosmall,They thought that he would only makeit halfway there before running out ofanyone to give him the money heHis idea was rejected in Portugal,Then he went to Spain in 1486 and triedto nersuade Kina Ferdinand and EoupenIsabella to finance his expedition, but they were at war and did not havetime or money for exploration.

與印度和中國(guó)之間的香料和絲綢貿(mào)易非常重要,而且利潤(rùn)也非常豐厚。但是在旅途中，但無(wú)論是陸路還是海上的旅程,都漫長(zhǎng)而危險(xiǎn)。如果哥倫布可以成功地從歐洲直接向西航行到達(dá)亞洲，他可以賺很多錢(qián)，變得非常富有。我們誤以為當(dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為地球是平的。事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)人都知道地球是圓的,但航海專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為哥倫布估計(jì)的歐洲到亞洲的距離太短了。他們認(rèn)為他只航行到-一半路程時(shí)食物和補(bǔ)給就會(huì)用完。正因?yàn)槿绱?，他無(wú)法說(shuō)服任何人給他航行所需要,他的想法在葡萄牙、熱那亞和威尼斯都遭到了拒絕。然后1486年他去了西班牙，試圖說(shuō)服國(guó)王費(fèi)迪南德和王后伊莎貝拉資助他的遠(yuǎn)征,但是他們處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)，沒(méi)有時(shí)間和金錢(qián)進(jìn)行探險(xiǎn)。

Six years later in 1492, the war endedand the King and Queen agreed to giveColumbus the money he needed.On August 3, 1492, ChristopherColumbus sailed west from Spain withthree ships:the Nina, the Pinta, and the SantaMaria.Two months later, on October 12, theyreached the Bahamas, landing on anisland that Columbus named SanColumbus was convinced that he had southeast Asia,and so he called the people that he met. He didn't find very much gold on San Salvador. and so he sailed aroundexploring other islands.On Christmas day the largest ship, the Santa Maria, ran aground and had to beabandoned,so Columbus left 39 crewmen in what isnow Haiti to start a settlement andhopefully, find more gold.

六年后的1492年，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束了，國(guó)王和王后同意給哥倫布所需的錢(qián)。1492年8月3日，克里斯托弗哥倫布帶著三艘船從西班牙向西航行:尼娜號(hào)、平塔號(hào)和圣瑪麗亞號(hào)。兩個(gè)月后，10月12日，他們到達(dá)巴哈馬，在哥倫布命名為圣薩爾瓦多的島上登陸。哥倫布確信他已經(jīng)到達(dá)了印度群島，即東南亞的一系列島嶼，所以他把他在那里遇到的人叫做”印第安人”。他在圣薩爾瓦多沒(méi)找到多少金子，所以他四處航行探索其他島嶼。圣誕節(jié)那天，最大的一艘船“圣瑪利亞號(hào)”擱淺了，不得不被遺棄，所以哥倫布留下了39名船員在現(xiàn)在的海地開(kāi)始定居，希望找到更多的黃金。

Columbus took some of the nativepeople with him and returned to Spainin March of 1493.Besides the people and a little gold,Columbus brought back things likepineapples,turkeys, parrots, and tobacco to provethat there were riches to be foundacross the ocean.He was rewarded by being namedAdmiral of the Ocean Sea and wasappointed Viceroy and Governor of thenew lands.Word of his discovery spread quicklythrough Europe, and before the way was out, Columbus set sail leading amuch larger expedition.With 17 ships and more than 1,000 men,they were ready to begin colonizing theislands Columbus had found.When they arrived,they found that the original settlementhad been destroyed and everyone leftbehind had been killed by the native. They established a new settlement andbegan to search for gold,but when little was found Columbusenslaved the native people and forcedthem to help search for more riches.

哥倫布帶著一些當(dāng)?shù)厝耍?于1493年3月回到西班牙。除了這些人和一些金子之外，哥倫布還帶回了菠蘿，火雞、鸚鵡和煙草等東西，這證明大洋彼岸有豐富的資源。作為回報(bào)，他被任命為海洋艦隊(duì)司令,并被任命為新大陸的總督和地方行政長(zhǎng)官。哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸的消息很快傳遍了歐洲，不到一年，哥倫布又率領(lǐng)第二支船隊(duì)起航，進(jìn)行更大的探險(xiǎn)。他們有17艘船和1000多人，準(zhǔn)備對(duì)哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)的島嶼開(kāi)始進(jìn)行殖民。當(dāng)他們到達(dá)的時(shí)候,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)的定居點(diǎn)已經(jīng)被破壞了，所有留下來(lái)的人都被當(dāng)?shù)厝藲⑺懒?。他們建立了一個(gè)新的定居點(diǎn)， 開(kāi)始尋找黃金,但是，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西很少時(shí)，哥倫布就奴役當(dāng)?shù)厝?，?qiáng)迫他們幫助尋找更多的財(cái)富。

On his third voyage, Columbus finallyreached the continental mainland whenhe landed in Venezuela.Unfortunately, conditions at thesettlement were very bad and thesettlers blamed Columbus.In 1500 he was arrested and forced toreturn to Spain.He was eventually freed, but he lost histitles and much of his money.In 1502 he made a fourth and finalvoyage to the new world, still searching for a passage to India orChina. He returned to Spain in 1504,and on May 20th, 1506, at the age of54, Christopher Columbus died,probabely still believing that he hadsuccessfully sailed to Asia.It is true that Christopher Columbuswas not the first person to discover theThat would be the ancestors of the native inhabitants.And !he wasn't even the first Euroto reach the New World.

在他的第三次航行中，哥倫布終于到達(dá)了大陸,他在委內(nèi)瑞拉登陸。不幸的是,殖民地的條件非常糟糕，殖民者將其歸咎于哥倫布。1500年，他被捕了，并被迫返回西班牙。他最終被釋放,但他失去了頭銜和大部分的錢(qián)。1502年，他第四次也是最后一次航行到新大陸，仍然在尋找去印度或中國(guó)的路。1504年，他回到西班牙,1506年5月20日，54歲的哥倫布去世了，他可能仍然相信曾經(jīng)成功地航行到了亞洲。的確，克里斯托弗哥倫布不是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的而是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦淖嫦?。他甚至不是第一個(gè)到達(dá)新世界的歐洲人。

A voyage by Leif Erikson about 500years earlier succeeded in reachingCanada.However, the voyages of ChristopherColumbus had a huge impact in thehistory of the world.Because he brought back word of thesenew lands to Europe and begana newperiod of trade and colonization.Plants, animals, people and diseaseswent back and forth across the ocean,and had a lasting impact on almostevery culture on the planet.Because of this, we commemorateColumbus's first landing everyOctober - On Columbus Day.

列夫.埃里克森約500年前就成功航行到達(dá)加拿大。然而，克里斯托弗哥倫布的航行在世界歷史上產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。因?yàn)樗堰@些新大陸的消息帶回了歐洲，并開(kāi)啟了一個(gè)新的貿(mào)易和殖民時(shí)期。植物、動(dòng)物、人類(lèi)和疾病跨越海洋來(lái)回穿梭,對(duì)地球上幾乎每一種文化都產(chǎn)生了持久的影響。因此，在每年10月的哥倫布日,我們都會(huì)紀(jì)念哥倫布的首次登陸。