颶風(fēng)“艾爾瑪”肆虐南佛羅里達(dá)

Hurricane Irma smashed into Florida as a category 4 storm on Sunday, leaving more than 1.4m properties without power as 130mph winds and sea surges left homes in the Keys, a string of low-lying islands on the state’s southernmost tip, under water.

風(fēng)暴等級(jí)4級(jí)的颶風(fēng)“艾爾瑪”(Hurricane Irma)周日侵襲佛羅里達(dá)州，時(shí)速達(dá)到130英里的大風(fēng)和洶涌的海水導(dǎo)致該州最南端地勢較低的佛羅里達(dá)礁島群(Keys)被海水淹沒，逾2百萬棟房屋斷電。

Further north, Miami residents awoke to find they had dodged the most dangerous part of the storm after its track shifted west and focused much of the danger on Tampa and St Petersburg. But downtown Miami streets were flooded, “Stop” signs twisted in 70mph winds, cranes toppled over and flying debris smashed into homes and buildings.

更北的邁阿密(Miami)的居民醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們避過了這場風(fēng)暴最危險(xiǎn)的部分，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)暴軌跡向西移動(dòng)，主要危險(xiǎn)集中在佛羅里達(dá)州的坦帕(Tampa)和圣彼德斯堡(St Petersburg)。但邁爾密市中心的街道仍被淹沒，時(shí)速70英里的大風(fēng)使“停車”標(biāo)識(shí)牌彎折，起重機(jī)被掀翻，民宅和建筑物被飛揚(yáng)的碎片擊中。

Earlier on Sunday Cuba, which prides itself on disaster management, was dealing with heavy flooding in Havana after 35ft waves battered seafront hotels and severely damaged tourist areas in the north. At least 25 people have been killed across the Caribbean.

周日早些時(shí)候，以災(zāi)害管理能力為自豪的古巴正在應(yīng)對(duì)哈瓦那的嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)，此前35英尺的大浪侵襲海濱酒店，給北部的旅游區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重破壞。加勒比海地區(qū)至少有25人喪生。

The unexpected change in Irma’s path means Florida’s low-lying Gulf coast will now suffer the brunt of the Texas-sized storm, with up to 15ft of life-threatening seawater storm surge. Irma is then forecast to swing inland towards Georgia on Monday. The National Hurricane Center issued tornado warnings throughout southern Florida.

“艾爾瑪”意外改道意味著佛羅里達(dá)州地勢較低的墨西哥灣沿岸地區(qū)將遭受這場風(fēng)暴的最大沖擊，這場颶風(fēng)的波及面相當(dāng)于德克薩斯州，并帶來高達(dá)15英尺的危險(xiǎn)海水風(fēng)暴潮。根據(jù)預(yù)報(bào)，“艾爾瑪”周一將撲向內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，直奔喬治亞州。美國國家颶風(fēng)中心(National Hurricane Center)針對(duì)整個(gè)南佛羅里達(dá)發(fā)布了龍卷風(fēng)預(yù)警。

“This is a worst-case scenario” for the west coast and the Florida Keys, Brock Long, administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, said on Fox News. “Storm surge has the highest potential to kill the most amount of people and cause the most damage.”

聯(lián)邦緊急事務(wù)管理署(Federal Emergency Management Agency，簡稱FEMA)負(fù)責(zé)人布羅克•朗(Brock Long)在?？怂剐侣?Fox News)上表示，對(duì)佛羅里達(dá)西海岸和佛羅里達(dá)礁島群而言，這是“最糟糕情形”。“風(fēng)暴潮造成最多人員傷亡和最大破壞的可能性最高。”

Rick Scott, Florida governor, added: “I’m very concerned about the west coast. The storm surge is absolutely life threatening. It’s going to be devastating to these areas.”

佛羅里達(dá)州州長里克•斯科特(Rick Scott)補(bǔ)充道：“我非常擔(dān)心西海岸。風(fēng)暴潮絕對(duì)是威脅生命的。它將給這些地區(qū)造成極大破壞。”

Florida Power & Light, the state’s largest utility, said repairs to its power system would take weeks, threatening to leave millions in the dark. Elaine Duke, the acting secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, said on MSNBC that they expected 5m people eventually to lose power in Florida.

該州最大公用事業(yè)公司Florida Power & Light表示，修復(fù)其電力系統(tǒng)需要數(shù)周時(shí)間，這可能使數(shù)百萬人繼續(xù)斷電。美國國土安全部(Department of Homeland Security)代理部長伊萊恩•杜克(Elaine Duke)在MSNBC上表示，該部預(yù)計(jì)佛羅里達(dá)州最終將有500萬人遭遇斷電。

More than 6m people have been ordered to leave their homes in the state, the largest mass evacuation in US history. More than 500,000 of them are around Tampa, on the Gulf coast. Tampa is widely deemed one of the US cities most vulnerable to storms because of western Florida’s shallow continental shelf, over which high winds can pile more water than along deeper shorelines, followed by the narrow opening of Tampa Bay through which the surge waters could be funneled onshore.

逾600萬人被當(dāng)局命令撤離他們在佛羅里達(dá)州的住所，這是美國史上規(guī)模最大的大規(guī)模撤離。地處墨西哥灣沿岸的坦帕周圍有逾50萬人被要求撤離。坦帕是廣泛認(rèn)為是最容易遭受風(fēng)暴侵襲的美國城市之一，原因是西佛羅里達(dá)的大陸架較淺，相比較深的海岸線，這里在遭遇大風(fēng)侵襲時(shí)會(huì)蓄積更多的水，而且坦帕灣的狹窄入口會(huì)導(dǎo)致浪潮涌上岸。

President Donald Trump has pledged to provide whatever resources the state needs to rebuild from Irma, Mr Scott said. The damage may be significant. According to RMS, an analytics firm, Irma has a storm force of 100 terajoules, three times the size of Hurricane Harvey, which struck Texas last month and caused an estimated $180bn of damage.

佛羅里達(dá)州州長斯科特表示，唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)總統(tǒng)已承諾，向受颶風(fēng)“艾爾瑪”襲擊的該州提供災(zāi)后重建所需的一切資源。此次災(zāi)情可能非常嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)分析公司RMS的數(shù)據(jù)，“艾爾瑪”的風(fēng)暴能量可能達(dá)到100太焦耳，是上月襲擊德克薩斯州(Texas)、估計(jì)造成1800億美元損失的颶風(fēng)“哈維”(Hurricane Harvey)的三倍。

The UN estimates that around 37m people will be affected by Irma in total, throughout the US and the Caribbean.

聯(lián)合國(UN)估計(jì)，在美國和整個(gè)加勒比海地區(qū)，總共約有3700萬人將受到颶風(fēng)“艾爾瑪”的影響。