美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)要求工商銀行整改反洗錢措施

The US Federal Reserve has ordered Industrial & Commercial Bank of China to overhaul its anti-money laundering protections after finding “serious deficiencies”.

美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)(Fed)已命令中國(guó)工商銀行(ICBC)徹底整改其反洗錢保護(hù)措施。此前，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)發(fā)現(xiàn)該行在此方面存在“嚴(yán)重缺陷”。

ICBC, the world’s largest lender by assets, must offer a written plan within 60 days to the US central bank detailing how it will strengthen mechanisms to flag and report suspicious transactions, including those involving “politically exposed persons”. The Fed did not issue a fine.

作為全球資產(chǎn)規(guī)模最大的銀行，中國(guó)工商銀行必須在60天內(nèi)向美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)提交一份書面計(jì)劃，詳細(xì)說(shuō)明自己將如何強(qiáng)化相關(guān)機(jī)制，以標(biāo)記和匯報(bào)可疑交易，包括那些涉及“有政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人士”的交易。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)并未開(kāi)出罰單。

As part of the order, ICBC must also hire an independent party approved by the Fed within 30 days to audit the bank’s dollar clearing transaction activity during the final six months of 2016.

命令還包括，中國(guó)工商銀行還必須在30天內(nèi)聘用一家經(jīng)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)批準(zhǔn)的獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)，審查其在2016年后6個(gè)月內(nèi)的美元結(jié)算交易活動(dòng)。

ICBC was not immediately available to comment.

記者未能立即聯(lián)系到中國(guó)工商銀行就此置評(píng)。

“Foreign banks are generally not good at compliance. It isn’t high on their agenda,” said a former Fed official who declined to be named. “In many cases, compliance is also taken very lightly back home which means foreign banks are in for a rude awakening when they come to the US.”

“外資銀行通常在合規(guī)方面不太擅長(zhǎng)。合規(guī)不是它們的重點(diǎn)議程，”一位不愿透露姓名的前美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)官員說(shuō)。“在許多情況下，合規(guī)問(wèn)題在外資行的母國(guó)也很不受重視。這意味著，它們來(lái)到美國(guó)后，才會(huì)猛然醒悟過(guò)來(lái)。”

Its New York branch opened in 2008, and the bank rents space in Manhattan’s Trump Tower.

2008年，中國(guó)工商銀行紐約分行開(kāi)始營(yíng)業(yè)，該行在曼哈頓的特朗普大廈(Trump Tower)租下了辦公空間。

China’s three other state-owned banks have faced similar demands from the Fed to overhaul their money laundering controls, including Agricultural Bank, which was slapped with a $215m penalty in 2016 by the central bank for hiding suspicious transactions.

包括中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行(ABC)在內(nèi)，中國(guó)其他三家國(guó)有銀行也面臨著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的類似要求：必須整改反洗錢防控措施。2016年，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行因隱瞞可疑交易而被美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)處以2.15億美元的罰款。

UN sanctions against the Pyongyang regime have also been a sticking point among US regulators and Chinese banks, which have long handled transactions on behalf of North Korean entities, including some involved with the country’s ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programmes.

聯(lián)合國(guó)對(duì)平壤政權(quán)的制裁也始終是美國(guó)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和中資銀行之間的一個(gè)棘手問(wèn)題。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中國(guó)各銀行一直在代表朝鮮機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行交易，其中包括一些與朝鮮彈道導(dǎo)彈和核武器項(xiàng)目有關(guān)的機(jī)構(gòu)。

Long term, China is hoping to bypass the Fed altogether. In 2015, it launched an international renminbi payments system to encourage global use of the Chinese currency. If widely adopted, the payments system would eventually allow China to send money globally in renminbi, without need for US dollar clearance, which would subject it to oversight from the Fed.

從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，中國(guó)希望完全繞過(guò)美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)。2015年，中國(guó)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)國(guó)際人民幣支付系統(tǒng)，鼓勵(lì)全球使用人民幣。如果被廣泛采納，這個(gè)支付系統(tǒng)最終將允許中國(guó)以人民幣形式在全球范圍內(nèi)匯款，而無(wú)需進(jìn)行美元結(jié)算。美元結(jié)算將使中國(guó)受到美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的監(jiān)管。