新型冠狀病毒可以在物體表面存活2-3天

新型冠狀病毒可以在物體表面存活2-3天

How long can the new coronavirus live on a surface, like say, a door handle, after someone infected touches it with dirty fingers? A study out this week finds that the virus can survive on hard surfaces such as plastic and stainless steel for up to 72 hours and on cardboard for up to 24 hours.

新型冠狀病毒在被感染者用臟手指接觸門(mén)把手等物體表面后，還能存活多久?本周的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種病毒可以在塑料和不銹鋼等硬面上存活72小時(shí)，在硬紙板上存活24小時(shí)。

"This virus has the capability for remaining viable for days," says study author, James Lloyd-Smith, an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Los Angeles, who researches how pathogens emerge.

“這種病毒有能力存活數(shù)天，”該研究的作者、加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校生態(tài)學(xué)和進(jìn)化生物學(xué)助理教授詹姆斯·勞埃德-史密斯說(shuō)。他專(zhuān)門(mén)研究病原體是如何出現(xiàn)的。

Although the World Health Organization had previously estimated the survival timeon surfaces to be a "few hours to a few days" based on research on other coronaviruses, this is the first study by scientists at a federal laboratory to test the actual virus causing the current pandemic, SARS-CoV-2.

雖然世界衛(wèi)生組織此前根據(jù)對(duì)其他冠狀病毒的研究，估計(jì)其表面存活時(shí)間為“幾小時(shí)到幾天”，但這是聯(lián)邦實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科學(xué)家首次對(duì)導(dǎo)致當(dāng)前大流行的實(shí)際病毒SARS-CoV-2進(jìn)行研究。

The study is out in preprint form and expected to be published.

這項(xiàng)研究以預(yù)印本的形式發(fā)表，預(yù)計(jì)將出版。

Interestingly, some surfaces are less hospitable to SARS-CoV-2. For instance, the virus remained viable on copper for only about four hours.

有趣的是，有些表面對(duì)SARS-CoV-2不那么友好。例如，這種病毒在銅上的存活時(shí)間只有4小時(shí)左右。

It's useful to know how long it can stay alive of course, because the virus can contaminate surfaces when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Virus-laden respiratory droplets can land on doorknobs, elevator buttons, handrails or countertops — and spread the virus to anyone who then touches these surfaces.

當(dāng)然，知道它能存活多久是很有用的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)感染者打噴嚏或咳嗽時(shí)，病毒會(huì)污染表面。攜帶病毒的飛沫會(huì)落在門(mén)把手、電梯按鈕、扶手或工作臺(tái)上，并將病毒傳播給任何接觸這些表面的人。

To test the survival time of the virus, scientists at the Rocky Mountain Laboratories in Montana, part of the National Institutes of Health, conducted a series of experiments comparing the novel coronavirus with the SARS virus (a similar coronavirus that led to an outbreak back in 2003).

為了測(cè)試病毒的存活時(shí)間，美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研究院下屬的蒙大拿州落基山實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)，將這種新型冠狀病毒與SARS病毒(2003年導(dǎo)致疫情爆發(fā)的類(lèi)似冠狀病毒)進(jìn)行了比較。

In the lab, "they'd pick up the virus from the surfaces that had been contaminated and then put [the virus] into cell cultures," he explains. Then the researchers documented whether the virus could infect those cells in the dish. They did this multiple times, for both the viruses, at various time points.

在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，“他們從被污染的表面提取病毒，然后把病毒放入細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)中，”他解釋說(shuō)。然后研究人員記錄了病毒是否會(huì)感染培養(yǎng)皿中的細(xì)胞。他們?cè)诓煌臅r(shí)間點(diǎn)對(duì)這兩種病毒做了多次這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

"Big picture, the [two viruses] look very similar to each other in terms of their stability in these environments," Lloyd-Smith says.

“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，(兩種病毒)在這些環(huán)境中的穩(wěn)定性看起來(lái)非常相似，”勞埃德·史密斯說(shuō)。

Lloyd-Smith says these findings establish a good ballpark estimate for the survivability of the virus on these surfaces. "In a laboratory experiment, the conditions are pretty carefully controlled and constant," he says. By comparison, "in the real world, conditions fluctuate" — conditions like temperature, humidity and light. So the survivability may vary, too.

勞埃德·史密斯說(shuō)，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為病毒在這些表面的生存能力建立了一個(gè)大致的估計(jì)。他說(shuō):“在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，條件得到了很好的控制，而且是恒定的。”相比之下，“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，情況是波動(dòng)的”，比如溫度、濕度和光線。所以生存能力也可能不同。

For instance, if the virus contaminates a sunny windowsill or countertop, it may not last as long.

例如，如果病毒污染了陽(yáng)光充足的窗臺(tái)或臺(tái)面，它可能不會(huì)持續(xù)那么久。