2020年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給兩位美國人

2020年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給兩位美國人

The Nobel Prize gold medal during manufacture at the Swedish Mint. Each laureate receives the medal, which has the likeness of Alfred Nobel on its face.

諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金獎(jiǎng)在瑞典造幣廠制造。每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨紝@得一枚刻有阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾頭像的獎(jiǎng)牌。

Auctions are at the heart of this year's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The winners — Stanford University professors Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson — were recognized "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."

拍賣是今年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)的核心。獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤撬固垢４髮W(xué)教授保羅·米爾格羅姆和羅伯特·威爾遜，獲獎(jiǎng)原因是“對(duì)拍賣理論的改進(jìn)和對(duì)拍賣新形式的發(fā)明”。

They designed the auction the FCC used to sell radio spectrum to wireless telephone companies, raising more than $120 billion for something the government used to give away for free.

他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了FCC(美國聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì))用來向無線電話公司出售無線電頻譜的拍賣會(huì)，籌集了1200多億美元用于政府免費(fèi)贈(zèng)送的東西。

"Auctions are everywhere and affect our everyday lives," the prize committee said in a statement. Milgrom and Wilson's work "benefit[s] sellers, buyers and taxpayers around the world."

評(píng)獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)在一份聲明中說:“拍賣無處不在，影響著我們的日常生活。”米爾格羅姆和威爾遜的研究成果“造福了全世界的賣方、買方和納稅人。”

Many of the questions in auction theory revolve around information. Do bidders know what competitors are bidding? Do they all put the same value on the item being auctioned?

拍賣理論中的許多問題都是圍繞信息展開的。投標(biāo)人知道競爭對(duì)手在投標(biāo)什么嗎?他們對(duì)被拍賣物品的估價(jià)是一樣的嗎?

The committee recognized Milgrom and Wilson not only for their basic research into the behavior of auction participants, but for their application of those findings to design better auctions.

委員會(huì)表彰了米爾格羅姆和威爾遜，不僅因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)拍賣參與者行為的基礎(chǔ)研究，還因?yàn)樗麄儗⑦@些發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用于設(shè)計(jì)更好的拍賣。

Auctions are now used to price all kinds of things including Internet ads, fishing permits and carbon pollution credits.

拍賣現(xiàn)在被用來給各種東西定價(jià)，包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告、捕魚許可證和碳污染信用額度。

Despite his groundbreaking work, Wilson acknowledged he's generally not much of an auction buyer.

盡管他有開創(chuàng)性的工作，威爾遜承認(rèn)他通常不是一個(gè)拍賣買家。

"My wife points out to me that we bought ski boots on eBay," Wilson told reporters after being awakened for a news conference at 3 a.m. California time. "I guess that was an auction."

“我妻子告訴我，我們?cè)趀Bay上買了滑雪靴，”威爾遜在加州時(shí)間凌晨3點(diǎn)被叫醒參加新聞發(fā)布會(huì)后告訴記者“我想那是一場(chǎng)拍賣。”

The Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden's central bank, to mark its 300th anniversary. It was first awarded in 1969, joining the five original prizes established by Alfred Nobel in his 1895 will.

經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)于1968年由瑞典央行Sveriges Riksbank設(shè)立，以紀(jì)念成立300周年。該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)于1969年首次頒發(fā)，與阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾在1895年的遺囑中設(shè)立的5個(gè)最初獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)一起頒發(fā)。

Like the winners in physics and chemistry, the laureates in economic sciences are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. The prize brings with it a gold medal and a cash award, which this year is 10 million Swedish krona ($1.12 million) and will be shared by Wilson and Milgrom.

與物理和化學(xué)領(lǐng)域的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咭粯?，?jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咭彩怯晌挥谒沟赂鐮柲Φ娜鸬浠始铱茖W(xué)院選出的。該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)還包括一枚金牌和一份現(xiàn)金，今年的獎(jiǎng)金為1,000萬瑞典克朗(112萬美元)，獎(jiǎng)金將由威爾遜和米爾格羅姆擁有。