38. People Respond to Incentives
A wealthy labor economist had an urge to have grandchildren. He had two daughters and two sons and none of them had gratified his desire for【1】 a grandchild. At the annual family gathering on Thanksgiving Day, he chided them gently to bless his old age with their progeny. "But I haven't given up 【2】 hope," he said, "and yesterday I went to the bank and set up 【3】 a one hundred thousand dollar trust fund to be given to the first grandchild that I have. Now we will all bow our heads while I say a prayer of thanks."
When he looked up, he and his wife were the only ones at the table.
人們對激勵作出反應(yīng)
一位富有的勞動經(jīng)濟學(xué)家迫切想抱孫子。他有兩個女兒和兩個兒子,可是沒有一個人滿足他的這一愿望。在一年一度的感恩節(jié)家庭聚會上,經(jīng)濟學(xué)家輕聲責(zé)備他們沒能讓自己這把老骨頭有后。“不過我仍然沒有放棄希望,”他說,“就在昨天我去了趟銀行,立了個10萬元的戶頭作為信托基金獎勵給我的第一個孫子?,F(xiàn)在我們都低下頭聽我做感恩祈禱。”
等他抬起頭來時,發(fā)現(xiàn)桌子旁邊只剩下了他和自己的老婆。
背景知識與點評
·曼昆的《經(jīng)濟學(xué)原理》第一章就講述經(jīng)濟學(xué)的十大原理,其中第一條就是“人們會對激勵作出反應(yīng)”。這是很顯然的,我們的古人早就總結(jié)出了這一原理,不過表述方式是“重賞之下必有勇夫”。
·笑話中的老教授早就應(yīng)該知道激勵的作用,可是為什么遲遲不用呢?因為他以為自己有兩個兒子和兩個女兒,他們給自己膝下添個孫子或外孫自然不在話下,還用得著花錢鼓勵嗎?能省就省吧,這也符合經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的性格。
英語知識鏈接
【1】 desire for:渴望
【2】 give up:放棄;認(rèn)輸
【3】 set up:建立,創(chuàng)立