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新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊(cè)u(píng)nit4-a Studying Abroad

所屬教程:新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊(cè)

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Unit 4

Section A

Pre-reading Activities

First Listening
Please listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.

Second Listening
Listen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.
1) How many foreign high school students travel to study in America each year?
2) What are their reasons for studying in America?
3) What are the problems the foreign students must cope with when they study in America?

Studying Abroad

Flight 830. Departure 10:45 p.m.
At first glance, this is just another routine flight to Los Angeles, California. Yet for 38 young passengers between fifteen and eighteen years of age, it is the start of a new experience: they will spend 10 months of their lives studying abroad, far from their families.
Every year the United States is host to an average of 78,000 foreign high school level students, of which 3,000 are Brazilian. All of them go for the same reasons — to become fluent in English, complete high school, and understand everything they can about the American way of life. At the end of each semester, as long as the students pass final exams, American authorities grant a certificate, which is recognized in Brazil.
For the majority, the decision to study abroad is taken only after a period of at least six months of careful planning. "For me," says seventeen - year - old Gloria Marcato, "it's more important to learn to speak English and to live through this experience than it is to receive a certificate from the American government." Others dream of continuing on to college. "I want to be a conductor, and I've already chosen the best American music school," specifies Sandro Rodrigo de Barros.
Things, as they say, are not always so easy. Even young students who plan on staying in the United States just long enough to finish two semesters of high school have difficulty finding a host family. Very few arrive in the country with all the details worked out. Gloria Marcato is one of the lucky ones. Before leaving, she had received two letters and some photos of her new "parents." "I think it all depends," says Gloria, "on how you answer the survey sent by the overseas study company here in Brazil. For example, I didn't economize on words. I even wrote about my four dogs, and said I went to church every Sunday." She hit the target. Americans are quite religious (the majority being Christian) and have a special place in their hearts for pets. American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction.
Each teenager is expected to cover his or her own expenses for articles for personal use, entertainment, long-distance telephone calls and clothing. Towards this, they should budget between $200 to $300 a month. In the event of illness, each student has a medical assistance card. Health insurance does not cover AIDS, abortion and suicide, nor dental and eyesight bills.
Basically, most students leave knowing they will have to do without their accustomed parental protection and learn to take care of themselves. However, no one packs his or her bags alone. Parents always give suggestions, or even take on the task themselves. The youngsters frequently show their lack of practice at such things. They take along unnecessary items. One student from the Brazilian South succeeded in stuffing two enormous suitcases to their capacity, and had to cope with her cabin luggage as well. As a result, she couldn't pull them around by herself.
For many, the departure at the airport is the worst time. Even though friends and family support the idea of going, it is difficult to say good-bye at this moment. "It's not easy to leave behind the people you love, especially a boyfriend. I cried at the departure and I cried on the plane too," says Patricia Caglian.
Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America. From then on it's everyone for himself. No one really knows how she/he will adapt to such new customs. Though most foreign students remain in California, some are sent to Texas, Arizona, Idaho, Oklahoma or Virginia.
After a few days, the general complaint is about the food. "Even though I adapted easily, I really miss rice and beans. The food here doesn't look too nourishing," pines Fernando Andrade. Another big problem encountered by most youngsters is how sick they feel about being away from home.
One important regulation of the foreign study program has to do with the time, established by the host "parents", by which the teenagers must arrive home on weekend nights. "They're really tough," says Juliana Martini, who just finished her first semester. "You have to be in by 10:30 p.m., and if you do not obey, you get punished."
A few teenagers arrive in the United States with little command of English. In such cases the sole solution is private language study. This in turn pushes up the program cost, estimated at about $3,800, including air fare.
Words: 776

NEW WORDS

departure
n. 1. [U, C] going away 離開,離去,出發(fā)
2. [C, U] (from) action different from (what is usual or expected) 背離

routine
a. usual; regular 日常的,常規(guī)的,例行的
n. [C, U] fixed or regular way of doing things 例行公事(手續(xù)),常規(guī)

eighteen
num. 十八,十八個(gè)

abroad
ad. 1. in or to a foreign country or countries; away from one's own country 在國外,到國外,出國
2. being spread widely 廣為傳播

host
n. 1. [C] a person who receives or entertains one or more other people as guests; a place or organization that provides the space and other necessary things for a special event 主人,東道主
2. [C] a person who introduces guests and programs, esp. on television or radio 主持人
3. (of) great number 大量, 許多
vt. act as host of 做……的東道主(或主持人)

fluent
a. (in) (of a person) speaking, writing, etc. in an easy smooth manner(說話、寫作等)熟練的,流暢的

authority
n. 1. (usu. pl.) person or group having the power to give orders or take action 掌權(quán)的人, 掌權(quán)的一班人, 當(dāng)局
2. [C] a person with special knowledge 具有專業(yè)知識(shí)的人, 權(quán)威
3. [U] power to give orders and make others obey 權(quán)力,權(quán)威,權(quán)勢(shì)

grant
vt. agree to give or allow (what is asked for) 準(zhǔn)許,允許,答應(yīng)給予
n. [C] a thing given for a special reason, esp. money from the government 授予之物(尤指政府撥款、補(bǔ)助金、助學(xué)金)

certificate
n. official written or printed statement that may be used as proof of certain facts 證明,證書,執(zhí)照

seventeen
num. 十七,十七個(gè)

conductor
n. 1. [C] (樂隊(duì)、合唱)指揮
2. [C] a person who sell tickets on a bus; the person in charge of a train 公共汽車售票員;列車員

specify
vt. state or name clearly (details, materials, etc.) 明確說明,具體指定

overseas
a. (at, to, from, etc. places or countries) across the sea; foreign (在、到、來自)海外的;外國的
ad. across the sea; abroad 在海外;在國外

Christian
a. of or believing in Jesus Christ 基督教(徒)的
n. [C] a person who believes in and follows Jesus Christ 基督教徒

▲deduct
vt. take away (an amount or part) 扣除,減去

deduction
n. [U, C] deducting 扣除

insurance
n. 1. [U], (usu. sing.)(agreement made by a company or society or by the state, to provide) protection against loss, damage, illness, death, etc. in return for a regular fee 保險(xiǎn)
2. [U] money paid by or to such a company, etc. 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi),保險(xiǎn)金額

▲abortion
n. [C, U] the intentional ending of a birth, usually by a medical operation 流產(chǎn),墮胎

suicide
n. 1. [U] killing oneself intentionally 自殺
2. [U] any action that may have serious result for oneself 自取滅亡

dental
a. of or for the teeth 牙齒的,牙科的

eyesight
n. [U] power of seeing; ability to see 視力,目力

accustomed
a. 1. usual 慣常的
2. (~ to sth.) used to (sth.) 習(xí)慣于

suggestion
n. 1. [C] an idea, plan, advice etc. or person that is put forward (所提出或建議的)主意,計(jì)劃,人選
2. [C] a sign 細(xì)微的跡象

item
n. 1. [C] a single article or unit in a list, etc.目錄的條款,項(xiàng)目
2. [C] a single piece of news (新聞的)一條

luggage
n. [U] bags, suitcases, etc. containing sb.'s things and taken on a journey 行李

descend
v. come, fall, or sink from a higher to a lower level; go down 下來,下降

await
vt. 1. (of a person) wait for (sb./sth.) (指人)等候
2. be ready or waiting for (sb./sth.) 備妥以待,等待

domestic
a. 1. of or inside a particular country, not foreign or international 國內(nèi)的,本國的
2. of the home, house or family 家的,家庭的,家務(wù)的

adapt
vi. become accustomed to new conditions, etc. 使適應(yīng)(新情況)
vt. 1. make sth. suitable for a new use, situation, etc. 使適應(yīng)(新用途,新情況)
2. change (sth.) for other uses 改寫,改編, 改裝

bean
n. [C] a smooth seed, used as a vegetable 豆

▲nourish
vt. 1. keep (a person, an animal or a plant) alive and well with food 滋養(yǎng),給予營養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育
2. have or increase (a feeling, etc.) 持有或懷有(情緒);增進(jìn)(情感)

pine
vi. 1. be very unhappy 不快活,悲傷
2. (for) long for or miss sb. 渴望,思念
n. [C, U] 松樹, 松木

regulation
n. 1. [C] a rule made by an authority 規(guī)章,規(guī)則,條例
2. [U] controlling or being controlled 管理,節(jié)制,調(diào)節(jié),控制

command
n. 1. [U] (usu. sing.) ability to use or control sth. 掌握,控制
2. [C] an order 命令
v. 1. be able to use (sth.) 能夠支配,可以使用
2. (of sb. in authority) tell (sb.) that he must do sth.; order (指上級(jí)、當(dāng)局)命令,指揮

fare
n. [C] money charged for a journey by bus, ship, taxi, etc. 車費(fèi),船費(fèi),乘客購票所付的費(fèi)用
vi. progress; get on 進(jìn)展

PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS

at first glance
when seen or examined for the first time 乍一看;最初看到時(shí)

as long as
on condition that; provided that 只要

live through
experience 經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受住

dream of
imagine, have hopes for 想像,夢(mèng)想,向往

plan on
aim for; prepare 為……做準(zhǔn)備

work out
devise; plan 設(shè)計(jì);計(jì)劃

depend on
vary according to, be influenced or decided by 視……而定

hit the target
succeed; manage 達(dá)到目的;中肯

in the event of
if sth. happens 如果……發(fā)生

take on
decide to do (sth.); accept (sth.) 決定做;承擔(dān)工作

lack of
little or not enough of sth. that is needed 缺乏,缺少,不足

take along
carry; take away 帶著(某人或某物), 帶走(某人或某物)

to (one's) capacity
completely full 滿座的,滿載的

leave behind
go away with (sb. or sth.) remaining behind 留下(某物或某人)

from then on
since that time 從那以后

in turn
one after another 依次,逐個(gè)地

PROPER NAMES
Brazilian
巴西人

Los Angeles
洛杉磯(美國加利福尼亞西南部港市)

California
加利福尼亞(美國州名)

Gloria Marcato
格洛里亞·馬卡托(人名)

Sandro Rodrigo de Barros
桑德羅·羅德里戈·德·巴羅斯(人名)

Juliana Martini
朱麗安娜·馬蒂尼(人名)

Texas
得克薩斯(美國州名)

Idaho
愛達(dá)荷州(美國州名)

Oklahoma
俄克拉何馬州(美國州名)

Virginia
弗吉尼亞州(美國州名)

Fernando Andrade
費(fèi)爾南多·安德雷德(人名)

Patricia Caglian
帕特麗夏·卡格利恩(人名)

 

    到國外求學(xué)

    選擇去美國完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)的巴西青年所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
    830號(hào)班機(jī)。起飛時(shí)間:晚上十時(shí)四十五分。
    乍一看,這不過是又一架飛往加州洛杉磯市的普通班機(jī)。 然而對(duì)于飛機(jī)上的38個(gè)年齡在15到18歲之間的年輕乘客來說,這是一次全新經(jīng)歷的開始: 他們將遠(yuǎn)離家人去國外留學(xué),度過他們生命中的10個(gè)月。
    美國平均每年要接待78,000名中學(xué)學(xué)歷程度的外國學(xué)生,其中3,000個(gè)來自巴西。 他們都是因?yàn)橥瑯拥脑蚋懊赖?- 學(xué)會(huì)流利的英語、完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)以及盡可能了解有關(guān)美國生活方式的方方面面。 在每個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí),只要這些學(xué)生能通過期末考試,美國當(dāng)局就會(huì)向他們頒發(fā)證書,巴西是承認(rèn)這種證書的。
    對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說,至少要經(jīng)過6個(gè)月的精心籌劃才能作出到國外學(xué)習(xí)的決定。 "對(duì)我來說," 17歲的格洛里亞·馬卡托說: "學(xué)會(huì)講英語及體驗(yàn)這種經(jīng)歷比從美國政府那里拿到一張證書更為重要。" 其他人則向往能繼續(xù)上大學(xué)。 桑德羅·羅德里戈·德·巴洛斯明確表示: "我想做一名音樂指揮家,而且我已經(jīng)選擇好了美國最好的音樂學(xué)院。"
    正如他們所說的那樣,事情并不總是那么順利。 甚至那些計(jì)劃在美國完成兩個(gè)學(xué)期中學(xué)課程的年輕學(xué)生也很難找到接待家庭。 很少有學(xué)生在到達(dá)這個(gè)國家時(shí),就把一切細(xì)節(jié)都安排妥貼了的。 格洛里亞·馬卡托是其中的一個(gè)幸運(yùn)者。 在出國前,她收到了2封信及幾張她的新"父母"的照片。 格洛里亞說: "我認(rèn)為一切都取決于你怎樣回答巴西這邊的海外留學(xué)公司寄給你的問卷調(diào)查。 舉個(gè)例子說吧, 我是不惜紙墨的。我甚至描寫了我的四條狗,還說我每個(gè)星期天都去做禮拜。" 她達(dá)到了目的。美國人篤信宗教(絕大多數(shù)美國人都是基督教徒), 而且寵物在他們心里占有特殊的地位。 雖然可以減免一小部分所得稅, 接待海外留學(xué)生的美國家庭是不向?qū)W生收錢的。
    每個(gè)孩子的個(gè)人用品、娛樂、長(zhǎng)途電話及衣服都得自己掏錢。 每個(gè)月的這些費(fèi)用加起來就要 200 到 300 美元。 怕萬一生病,每個(gè)學(xué)生都得辦一張醫(yī)療幫助卡。 健康保險(xiǎn)不包括艾滋病、人工流產(chǎn)和自殺后的治療,也不支付治療牙齒和配眼鏡的費(fèi)用。
    事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)學(xué)生在離家時(shí),都知道他們將在沒有原來所習(xí)慣了的父母照顧的情況下自己生活, 學(xué)會(huì)自己照料自己。 然而,他們沒有人會(huì)獨(dú)自整理行裝。 父母?jìng)円恢痹诮o他們出主意,甚至幫他們裝箱打包。 這些小青年在做這類事的時(shí)候常常顯得缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他們帶了許多不必要的東西。 一個(gè)來自巴西南部的學(xué)生把2個(gè)大箱子塞得滿滿的,此外,還得考慮她隨身攜帶的行李。 結(jié)果她無法一個(gè)人帶著這么多東西踏上旅途。
    對(duì)許多學(xué)生來說,在機(jī)場(chǎng)與親友告別是他們最難受的時(shí)候。 即使朋友們及家人支持他們出國留學(xué), 但在此時(shí)此刻說聲再見卻是很困難的。 帕特里夏·卡格利恩說: "拋下你所愛的人,特別是男朋友, 是很不容易的。我在飛機(jī)起飛的時(shí)候哭了,到了飛機(jī)上還在哭。"
    學(xué)生們?cè)诘却绹鴩鴥?nèi)班機(jī)把他們帶到在美國的臨時(shí)家庭時(shí)又緊張了一陣。 從那以后,每個(gè)人都得自己照料自己了。 沒有人真正知道自己該如何去適應(yīng)這新的環(huán)境。 雖然大多數(shù)外國學(xué)生將留在加利福尼亞州,但也有人要被送往德克薩斯、亞利桑那、愛達(dá)荷、俄克拉荷馬及弗吉尼亞等州去。
    幾天以后,普遍的抱怨就是食物了。 "雖然我的適應(yīng)能力很強(qiáng),可我真的很想念米飯和豆類菜肴。 這里的食物看上去不太有營養(yǎng)。" 費(fèi)爾南多·安德雷德哀怨地說。 大多數(shù)年輕人遇到的另一個(gè)大問題,就是他們遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)、倍思親人。
    留學(xué)計(jì)劃中有一條與時(shí)間有關(guān)的重要規(guī)定,這是由接待家庭的 "父母" 制定的。根據(jù)這條規(guī)定, 這些十幾歲的孩子們?cè)谥苣┩砩媳仨毣丶摇?"他們真的很嚴(yán)格吶," 剛學(xué)完第一學(xué)期的朱莉安娜·馬蒂尼說。 "你必須在晚上十點(diǎn)半以前到家。如果做不到,就會(huì)受罰。"
    剛到美國時(shí), 有些孩子對(duì)英語幾乎一竅不通。 在這種情況下,唯一的解決方法就是請(qǐng)私人語言教師。 這樣就增加了留學(xué)的費(fèi)用,加上飛機(jī)票,估計(jì)費(fèi)用大約為3,800 美元。

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