六級(jí)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練的素材選擇大多為交際場(chǎng)合的一般話題。對(duì)話題材有關(guān)于校園生活的,有關(guān)于公共場(chǎng)所的,也有關(guān)于家庭的等。在這些題材中,對(duì)話部分的試題涉及動(dòng)作或?qū)υ挼牡攸c(diǎn)和對(duì)話的任何一方或?qū)υ捴刑峒暗囊环降穆殬I(yè),每次必有。解這一類題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住與說(shuō)話人身份或談話內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞,也就是抓住關(guān)鍵詞。
譬如,兩個(gè)大學(xué)生談話的內(nèi)容不外乎與他們身份相關(guān)的大學(xué)生活、學(xué)習(xí)課程、報(bào)到注冊(cè)、課外活動(dòng)等。反言之,從對(duì)話中涉及的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)、生活情況的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,就能判定談話雙方的身份以及談話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。
下面列舉幾個(gè)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力試題中經(jīng)常涉及到的對(duì)話雙方的關(guān)系。收集相關(guān)詞匯,聽(tīng)熟它們不僅有益于聽(tīng)力考試,而且有益于生活中口語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用。主要的如:
教師、教授、導(dǎo)師與學(xué)生(teacher /professor /students'advisor and student)
學(xué)生與學(xué)生(classmates,roommates,schoolmates)
圖書(shū)管理員與學(xué)生(librarian and student)
舍監(jiān)與學(xué)生(housemaster /housemother and student)
營(yíng)業(yè)員與顧客(shop assistant /attendant and customer)
服務(wù) 員與旅客、顧客(serviceman and passenger /customer)
上述關(guān)系的對(duì)話地點(diǎn)有:check-in counter,plane,post office,bank等。此外還有如下五種關(guān)系:
藥劑師與病人(pharmacist /patient)(藥劑師與病人的對(duì)話地點(diǎn)一般是pharm acy。)
醫(yī)生與病人(doctor,physician,dentist /patient)(醫(yī)生與病人的對(duì)話一般發(fā)生在hospital,clinic,ward,infirmary等。)
夫妻(husband and wife)
主人與客人(host,hostess /guest)
修理工與顧客(repairman /customer)
聽(tīng)力中常用到的修理工名稱有:plumber,carpenter,electrician,repairman 等。
以上十一種對(duì)話雙方的關(guān)系只是一些比較常用的,也是考生必須掌握的。如果掌握了這些相關(guān)的基本詞匯,以及他們的一般關(guān)系,就比較容易抓住回答“地點(diǎn)、職業(yè)”類試題的關(guān)鍵詞和詞組了。
下面就地點(diǎn)與職業(yè)分類舉例解析:
一、地點(diǎn)對(duì)話所發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捳咭巴牡攸c(diǎn)往往在對(duì)話內(nèi)容中不給出,而是要求通過(guò)情節(jié)內(nèi)容以及與這個(gè)地點(diǎn)有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行判斷。
例 1:
W:Hello,I want to open an account.Shall I fill in this form
M :Yes.You'd fill in a form ,but not this one.Go over to that desk and the man there will help you.
Q:What's the most probable place the conversation takes place
A.It might be in a closed room .
B.It's at a desk where the accountant works.
C.It's in a bank.
D.It's a newly-opened shop.
試題是要求解決對(duì)話的地點(diǎn)。錄音中有兩個(gè)詞組與之有關(guān),它們是:open an account
(開(kāi)帳戶),fill in a form(填單子),理解了這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞組的含義,很容易判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是銀行,因此C為正確選擇。
例2:—Are you ready to check out
—Yes.You pay the bill,and I'll call the desk and have our luggage taken out to the taxi.
Q:Where does this conversation most probably take place
A.in a railroad station
B.in a bus terminal
C.in a restaurant
D.in a hotel room
在這四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中,容易混淆的是C和D,但是,一旦抓住luggage這個(gè)詞就能排除干擾項(xiàng)C。因?yàn)樵诓蛷d里一般不會(huì)發(fā)生搬運(yùn)行李這種事的。那么,對(duì)話肯定發(fā)生在旅館里。D為正確的選擇。
一般說(shuō),“地點(diǎn)、職業(yè)”試題屬比較簡(jiǎn)單的一類,可是有時(shí)候也很迷惑人,例如。
例3:
—I need a book of stamps and I'd also like to send this package first class.
—Here are your stamps,but you have to take package to the next window.
Q:Where does this conversation most probably take place
A.at a luggage counter
B.at an elementary school
C.at a bookstore
D.at a post office
最使人不解的是詞組a book of stamps,如果只聽(tīng)之字片語(yǔ),而忽略了關(guān)鍵詞,那么,作出的只能是錯(cuò)誤選擇。a book of stamps指的是集郵冊(cè),因此,對(duì)話肯定發(fā)生在郵局。D是正確選擇。
二、職業(yè)聽(tīng)力試題中的職業(yè)一般指對(duì)話雙方中的一方或?qū)υ捴兴峒暗牡谌叩穆殬I(yè)。對(duì)話雙方的女士或男士從事什么職業(yè),在對(duì)話中是不表露的,而是隱含在對(duì)話的內(nèi)容中,要求聽(tīng)者根據(jù)其對(duì)話內(nèi)容,尤其是與相關(guān)職業(yè)緊密相連的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行判斷。例如:
例4:
W:What kind of work do you like to do most if you had the chance
M :If I were going to change my line ofwork,I would probably make a dramatic change.I would not live in a city.I would move to the country,probably be more involved with nature and with anim- als.
Q:Which of the following would the man choose to be
A.dram atistB.an actor C.a workerD.a farm er
對(duì)話中沒(méi)有直接闡明男士要選擇的職業(yè),而是以含蓄的方式,即“not live in thecity”,“move to the country”,“involved with nature and with animals”判斷出他想當(dāng)農(nóng)民的愿望,因而D為正確答案。
例5:
W:The drain is clogged again and there'swater all over the bathroom floor.
M :We'll have to call Mr.Morris right away.
Q:What job does Mr.Morris probably have
A.laundry worker B.plum ber
C.carpenter D.train conductor
女方說(shuō)的是發(fā)生了什么問(wèn)題,男方說(shuō)他們只得打電話叫Mr.Morris來(lái)。要解決Mr.Morris的職業(yè)問(wèn)題,必須弄清發(fā)生的是什么問(wèn)題。
由女方所說(shuō)的關(guān)鍵詞“drain”和“clog”,我們可以判斷B為正確選擇。
地點(diǎn)、職業(yè)題是六級(jí)聽(tīng)力試題比較容易的試題,所用的詞匯和句型非常有限,涉及的面也有限,只要考生能夠收集并熟悉了這些詞匯和句型,以及這種關(guān)鍵詞的解題方法,得分并不難。
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