英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀全攻略

例2.…. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquainting with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as reader, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.

　　Q: The passage is most like a part of 。

　　(A)a news article (B) a journalistic interview

　　(C) a research report (D) a preface

　　(分析：選D項(xiàng)。這屬判斷、推理題。考生在了解全文梗概之后，要正確地對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容作出判斷，考生關(guān)鍵要看懂文章最后一句話："…as this book indicates。"由此便推斷正確的答案是D項(xiàng)。)

　　例3 ….In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue.…

　　Q：Which of the following statements does the writer support?

　　(A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.

　　(B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.

　　(C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.

　　(D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear every programmes.

　　(分析：選A項(xiàng)，屬推理題，依據(jù)文中"such an expansion assumes…. However,…便可推斷出A項(xiàng)正確。)

　　3、引用人物論斷處?？?/strong>

　　作者為了正確表達(dá)出自己觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù)，常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此作文章。多以"推理性"題為主，有時(shí)也出"細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)性"題型。

　　例1."There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when they're 18, and the truth is far from that,"says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin….

　　Q: There was apparently a trend in the USA ________ .

　　(A) for young adults to leave their parents and live independently.

　　(B) For middle class young adults to stay with their parents.

　　(C) For married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absence.

　　(D) For going adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents.

　　(分析：選A項(xiàng)。屬推理題。作者引用的這句話意思是："孩子長(zhǎng)到18歲時(shí)應(yīng)離開(kāi)父母去獨(dú)立生活的概念是沒(méi)有道理的，而事實(shí)情況也并非如此。"而題干問(wèn)：過(guò)去在美國(guó)顯然有一種什么趨勢(shì)?？忌ㄟ^(guò)細(xì)心推斷引文，便能選中A項(xiàng)：年輕的成年人應(yīng)該離開(kāi)父母而去獨(dú)立生活。)

　　例2. …"people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 howler, when they really need 7.5 , eight or even more to feel ideally rigorous."(見(jiàn)《分冊(cè)》P12頁(yè)例3)

　　Q: According to Dr. David, Americans ________ .

　　(A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life.

　　(B) Often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit.

　　(C) Do not know how to relax themselves properly.

　　(D) Can get by on 6.5 hoarse of sleep.

　　(分析：選B項(xiàng)。屬于歸納事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。Dr. David所說(shuō)的話，描述的是一種事實(shí)現(xiàn)象，即美國(guó)人睡眠不足而誤認(rèn)為這不是什么大的事，還自我感覺(jué)良好。從事實(shí)中我們可以看出美國(guó)人經(jīng)常忽視睡眠不足的后果，即B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。)

　　例3. By the millions they are coming-no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We don't have a budget,"says a biologist from Brazil. As she walks with two companions through New York lity's South Street, "We juse use our credit cards."

　　Q：From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourist

　　like her ________ .

　　(A) are reluctant to carry cash with them.

　　(B) Simply don't care how much they spend.

　　(C) Are not good at planning their expenditure.

　　(D) Often spend more money that they can afford.

　　(分析：選B項(xiàng)。屬判斷推理題。文章講成千上萬(wàn)涌進(jìn)美國(guó)的富有者與那個(gè)巴西生物學(xué)家一樣，他們?cè)谫?gòu)物時(shí)只管刷卡("just use our credit cards.")而根本不做預(yù)算("don't have a hudget"),可推斷出他們這類(lèi)人是"根本不管花多少錢(qián)的。"即B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。)4、轉(zhuǎn)折處與強(qiáng)對(duì)比處?？?br />
　　一般而言，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容常常是語(yǔ)義的重點(diǎn)，命題者常對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過(guò)however, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。強(qiáng)對(duì)比常由unlike, until, not so much…as等詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)。命題者常對(duì)用來(lái)對(duì)比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。 比如文章中說(shuō)甲具有X屬性，但乙與甲不同，問(wèn)乙有何屬性?答曰：非X屬性。

　　此類(lèi)考點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在邏輯推理型題中，少數(shù)出現(xiàn)于其它題型中。

　　例1. Some observers say the fault is with the young people…. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole…. Others blame the state of the world… But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.

　　Q：According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _______ .

　　(A) society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates.

　　(B) High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.

　　(C) Too many students have to earn their own living.

　　(D) College administrators encourage students to drop out.

　　(分析：選A項(xiàng)?？忌喿x文章時(shí)，應(yīng)注意到文中有兩個(gè)"but"的轉(zhuǎn)折，特別是段末一轉(zhuǎn)折句意即：但失望的畢業(yè)生了解到社會(huì)再也不能吸收大量的23歲的訓(xùn)練有素的大學(xué)生。這一轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容正好是解答題干問(wèn)題的依據(jù)，我們從這句話可以推斷出大學(xué)考試之所以出了問(wèn)題部分源于一個(gè)事實(shí)，即A項(xiàng)：社會(huì)不能為訓(xùn)練有素的大學(xué)生提供足夠工作。此屬邏輯推理題。)

　　例2 … Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding….

　　Q： It can be conduced from the passage that ________ .

　　(分析：這道題屬邏輯推理題，命題者利用unlike進(jìn)行強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比，要求考生推斷出正確結(jié)論。)

　　例3 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attentive defendants(被告)。But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

　　Q：The author writes this passage to _______ .

　　(A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractive.

　　(B) Give advice to job-seekers who are attractive.

　　(C) Demand equal rights for women.

　　(D) Emphasize the importance of appearance.

　　(分析：選A項(xiàng)。屬主旨大意類(lèi)題型。前面都是講美給人帶來(lái)的種種好處，用but突然進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，考生即可推測(cè)出下面要講美給人帶來(lái)的不利方面了。)

　　例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level. …In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level.

　　Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level.

　　(A)TV stations always operate at the highest sound level.

　　(B)Their sound levels are kept around peak level.

　　(C)Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges.

　　(D)Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.

　　(分析：選B項(xiàng)，該題屬闡述說(shuō)明主旨大意的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。用however作轉(zhuǎn)折，指出商業(yè)節(jié)目的音量是保持或接近峰值(peak levels)。命題者給出的B答案中，只是對(duì)however后原句進(jìn)行了詞語(yǔ)和句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。)