不僅是童年，只要超重，都會(huì)增加患心臟病和糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

不僅是童年，只要超重，都會(huì)增加患心臟病和糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

The association between childhood obesity and increased risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes is due to individual's remaining overweight into adulthood, finds a new University of Bristol study. The research, published in The BMJ, investigated how the genetic influence of being overweight in 453,169 individuals at different stages of life contributed towards their disease risk.

布里斯托爾大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童肥胖與冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病和2型糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，是由于個(gè)人在成年后仍然超重所致。發(fā)表在《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上的這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了453169名處于不同生命階段的人，超重對(duì)他們患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的遺傳影響。

Obesity in childhood is known to have a detrimental impact on various health conditions and disease risk in later life including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. However it is unclear whether being overweight as a child directly influences risk of these diseases or whether they can be reversed through lifestyle changes, particularly as those who are obese in early life tend to remain obese as adults.

眾所周知，兒童肥胖對(duì)各種健康狀況和晚年疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都有不利影響，包括冠心病、2型糖尿病和癌癥。然而，尚不清楚兒童超重是否會(huì)直接影響這些疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也不清楚是否可以通過(guò)改變生活方式來(lái)逆轉(zhuǎn)，特別是那些在早期肥胖的人成年后往往仍保持肥胖。

Researchers from Bristol Medical School sought to investigate this by using a unique cause-and-effect analytical technique called Mendelian randomisation, which allows scientists to separate the genetic influence of risk factors, such as being overweight as a either a child or as an adult, on risk of disease—such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, breast and prostate cancer.

布里斯托爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員試圖通過(guò)一種獨(dú)特的因果分析技術(shù)，即孟德?tīng)栯S機(jī)化(Mendelian randomisation)來(lái)對(duì)此進(jìn)行研究，該技術(shù)允許科學(xué)家分離出危險(xiǎn)因素的遺傳影響，如兒童或成人超重，對(duì)冠心病等疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，2型糖尿病、乳腺癌和前列腺癌。

The technique was applied using human genetic data from 453,169 individuals from the UK Biobank study and four large scale genome-wide association studies using measures of BMI in adulthood (average age 57) and self-reported perceived body size at age 10.

這項(xiàng)技術(shù)使用了來(lái)自英國(guó)生物銀行研究的453169個(gè)人的人類(lèi)遺傳數(shù)據(jù)和四項(xiàng)大規(guī)模全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)研究，這些研究使用了成年期(平均年齡57歲)的BMI指標(biāo)和10歲時(shí)自我報(bào)告的感知體型。

The researchers found evidence that childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes due to a persistent, long-term effect of obesity over many years. This indicates that within a population, individuals who are overweight as children are more likely to be at risk of these diseases as they tend to remain overweight as adults. However, encouragingly this suggests that lowering weight in adulthood could reduce the long-term adverse effects of childhood obesity.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有證據(jù)表明，兒童肥胖與冠心病和2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān)，這是由于多年來(lái)肥胖的持續(xù)、長(zhǎng)期影響造成的。這表明，在一個(gè)人群中，兒童超重的人更有可能患這些疾病，因?yàn)樗麄兂赡旰笸匀怀?。然而，令人鼓舞的是，這表明在成年期降低體重可以減少兒童肥胖的長(zhǎng)期不利影響。

In contrast, their findings also provided evidence that having a smaller body size during childhood might increase the risk of breast cancer regardless of body size in adulthood, with timing of puberty also likely playing a role, a finding which needs further research to understand its implications. While no strong evidence was found of a causal effect of either early or later life measures on prostate cancer, this disease should be revisited once data on a larger number of cases are available.

相比之下，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)還提供了證據(jù)，證明無(wú)論成年后的體型如何，童年時(shí)期的體型較小都可能增加患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而青春期的時(shí)間也可能起到一定的作用，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)需要進(jìn)一步的研究來(lái)理解其影響。雖然沒(méi)有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明早期或晚期生活對(duì)前列腺癌有因果影響，但一旦獲得更多病例的數(shù)據(jù)，就應(yīng)該重新審視這種疾病。