美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班124

　　B: Welcome to American English Mosaic, I'm Mike Bond!

　　A: And I'm Lin Yang.

　　B: Wanna know the differences in business culture between American and Chinese companies? We will offer you some great tips on how to perform in an international business environment.

　　A: 中國(guó)人到底有多要面子? 我們?cè)谙旅娴墓?jié)目中為你介紹。

　　B: And in words and idioms, we will learn what "slippery slope" and "small potatoes" mean!

　　A: All coming up on this edition of American English Mosaic!

　　B: Now let's go into our first segment, Learn a word!

　　Learn A Word 1828 expired

　　今天我們要學(xué)的詞是expired. Expired is spelled e-x-p-i-r-e-d, expired. Expired 形容詞，意思是過(guò)期的。He was pulled over by the police and got a ticket for having an expired registration. 他開(kāi)車時(shí)被警察攔下來(lái)，因?yàn)檐囎幼?cè)已經(jīng)過(guò)去，吃了一張罰單。Flushing expired medicines down the toilet is a source of pollution. 把過(guò)期藥品從馬桶里沖走，會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染。A Chinese woman accused of defacing The Washington National Cathedral was traveling on an expired visa. 被控在美國(guó)華盛頓國(guó)家大教堂上胡亂涂抹，破壞建筑外觀的一名中國(guó)女子所持有美國(guó)入境簽證已經(jīng)過(guò)期。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是 expired, expired, expired...

　　B: I always look at the expiration dates when I go grocery shopping. I guess that's a good habit.

　　A: I think you should pay more attention to the calorie chart instead!

　　B: Very funny, 楊琳，very funny.

　　A: I'm sorry! You know I'm kidding! It's just I've been eating a lot lately since the weather is getting colder, and I need to look at those numbers carefully!

　　B: Actually I can see that...sounds like you are already on a slippery slope! (A: Hey!) Let's listen to today's words and idioms, slippery slope!

　　Words and Idioms 871 slippery slope

　　美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)第871講

　　我最近收拾東西，翻出一張十年前的照片，當(dāng)時(shí)我在一家進(jìn)出口公司做市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)，老板 Sue 是我遇到的最嚴(yán)厲的上司，開(kāi)會(huì)遲到一分鐘都會(huì)挨罵，她的理論是，這次晚一分鐘，下次就會(huì)晚兩分鐘。今天我們要學(xué)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)恰恰跟她的信條相吻合，那就是：

　　M: Slippery slope. Slippery is spelled s-l-i-p-p-e-r-y, and slope; s-l-o-p-e. Slippery-slope. Slippery 是打滑的意思;slope 是斜坡。不言而喻，A slippery slope 打滑的斜坡，意思是越來(lái)越糟。你現(xiàn)在一定明白了，為了我以前的老板 Sue 眼睛里揉不進(jìn)一粒沙子。在她看來(lái)，遲到一次不糾正，Then you were on a SLIPPERY SLOPE. 以后就會(huì)越來(lái)越糟。在下面這個(gè)例子里，一個(gè)父親發(fā)現(xiàn)十幾歲的女兒在商店偷東西，我們一起聽(tīng)聽(tīng)這位父親的反應(yīng)。

　　M: "I realize when my 12 year-old took a bottle of perfume from a store without paying, she was shoplifting. But that doesn't mean she's heading down a SLIPPERY SLOPE towards a life of crime. She understands the seriousness of what she did. And she promises never to steal again."

　　這位父親說(shuō)：我知道，十二歲的女兒在商店里拿香水不交錢是偷東西，可這并不意味著她已經(jīng)走上了一條越陷越深的犯罪道路。她已經(jīng)明白了這件事情的嚴(yán)重性，而且保證以后再也不偷了。

　　我同意這個(gè)父親的看法，只要讓孩子了解問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，以后不犯就好了。但是有些事情，則萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能開(kāi)先例。比如說(shuō)，我家狗還小的時(shí)候，老公覺(jué)得它可愛(ài)，讓它進(jìn)臥室更我們一起睡，我當(dāng)時(shí)就警告他，We are on a slippery slope. 結(jié)果被我不幸言中，如今狗大了，可是再也趕不出去了。

　　讓我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)上面那段話。

　　M: "I realize when my 12 year-old took a bottle of perfume from a store without paying, she was shoplifting. But that doesn't mean she's heading down a SLIPPERY SLOPE towards a life of crime. She understands the seriousness of what she did. And she promises never to steal again."

　　在下面的例子里，一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)居民在是否愿意在鎮(zhèn)子里興建大型游樂(lè)場(chǎng)的問(wèn)題上存在嚴(yán)重分歧。讓我們聽(tīng)聽(tīng)下面的報(bào)道。

　　M: "The citizens are divided over whether to allow an amusement park to be built in our historic town. Supporters argue that it will bring entertainment and a needed source of tax revenue. Critics say we'd be getting on a SLIPPERY SLOPE. Before long, they contend, we could expect more and more traffic problems, and undesirable development. As they see it, our community's quality of life would eventually be destroyed."

　　這個(gè)人說(shuō)：小鎮(zhèn)居民在是否應(yīng)該在這個(gè)歷史性小鎮(zhèn)里興建游樂(lè)場(chǎng)的問(wèn)題上存在意見(jiàn)分歧。支持者說(shuō)，游樂(lè)場(chǎng)會(huì)給小鎮(zhèn)帶來(lái)娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)和稅務(wù)收入。批判者說(shuō)，我們會(huì)在這條路上越陷越深，用不了多久，交通堵塞和其它大家不愿看到的商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)活動(dòng)就會(huì)接踵而至。他們認(rèn)為，我們社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量終將受到破壞。

　　這倒讓我想起我的一個(gè)鄰居。他堅(jiān)決主張公民有權(quán)擁有槍支，反對(duì)任何限制槍支的立法。在他眼里，It's a SLIPPERY SLOPE. 用不了多久，政府就會(huì)全面禁槍。好的，我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)一下上面那個(gè)例句。

　　M: "The citizens are divided over whether to allow an amusement park to be built in our historic town. Supporters argue that it will bring entertainment and a needed source of tax revenue. Critics say we'd be getting on a SLIPPERY SLOPE. Before long, they contend, we could expect more and more traffic problems, and undesirable development. As they see it, our community's quality of life would eventually be destroyed."

　　好的，這次美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)就到此結(jié)束了。

　　M: Until next time.

　　M: This has been Words and Idioms.

　　A: Gosh, I hope the government shutdown get fixed soon, otherwise it's going to be a slippery slope...

　　B: I know! The last government shutdown was in 1995 and it lasted for 21 days. That for sure hurt the economy enormously.

　　A: I feel like this is bad for everyone in the U.S., and it's such a loss of face for the congress!

　　B: Well, that's what happens when no one is willing to compromise! Actually in today's business etiquette, we will discuss this exact topichow to save face!

　　A: Ha, my favorite! Let's check it out!

　　禮節(jié)美語(yǔ) saving face/guanxi I

　　Jerry 要去中國(guó)出差，找同事 Amy 請(qǐng)教。

　　Jerry: Hey Amy...your family is from China, right?

　　A:Yep. I was born and raised in Shanghai. Why do you ask?

　　J: Well, I hope you don't mind...but I'm planning a business trip to China soon and I was wondering if you could give me some pointers.

　　A: You mean like where to go for food or shopping?

　　J: That would be good, too. But I'm actually hoping you might give me some insights into doing business in China.

　　A: Ah...sure! I think I can help. Do you have a specific question?

　　Jerry 準(zhǔn)備去中國(guó)出差，希望Amy能給自己點(diǎn)建議 give me some pointers. pointer is spelled p-o-i-n-t-e-r, pointer 是指點(diǎn)，建議的意思。Amy 從小在上海長(zhǎng)大，看來(lái) Jerry 算是找對(duì)人了。Jerry 并不是想了解吃飯、購(gòu)物的事，而是想知道在中國(guó)做生意的一些規(guī)矩。

　　J: Well, for starters, what do they mean by "saving face?"

　　A: "Saving face" is a catch-all term for the concept of honor. In China there is a protocol to everything and it should be followed, otherwise you and the other party might be embarrassed.

　　J: So in short...saving face is about avoiding embarrassment?

　　A: Exactly. Say you're late to a meeting. This would cause you to lose face.

　　For starters, 首先，Jerry想知道什么是有面子，saving face. Amy 解釋說(shuō)，saving face is a catch-all term for the concept of honor. 有面子包括了所有跟榮譽(yù)和顏面有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。這里所說(shuō)的 catch-all is spelled c-a-t-c-h, catch, a-l-l, all, catch-all 意思是全部包含、統(tǒng)統(tǒng)適用的。Amy 說(shuō)，中國(guó)人干什么都講究規(guī)矩，protocol, p-r-o-t-o-c-o-l, protocol, 按規(guī)矩做事，大家都有面子，破壞了規(guī)矩，就會(huì)讓人 lose face 丟臉，比如說(shuō)開(kāi)會(huì)遲到。

　　J: How can you go about regaining your "face", or your honor?

　　A: It depends on how serious the offense was. If you were late, you can repeatedly apologize and the other person will probably forgive you.

　　J: But I would need to apologize more times than I would if I was late here in America?

　　A: Yes. Make many apologies. The person will probably say it's not a big deal, but in fact it could be a pretty big deal to them, so make sure to say sorry if you make a mistake.

　　如何才能 regain face 挽回面子呢?Amy 說(shuō)，這要看你錯(cuò)誤的嚴(yán)重程度。It depends on how serious the offense was. 如果開(kāi)會(huì)遲到，你最好使勁道歉，請(qǐng)求對(duì)方原諒。對(duì)方可能嘴上會(huì)說(shuō)，it's not a big deal. 沒(méi)什么大不了的，但事實(shí)上，他們心里可能非常在意，所以一定要再三道歉。

　　A: Jerry要到中國(guó)去出差，向同事Amy詢問(wèn)中國(guó)的企業(yè)文化, ask for some pointers, 尋求一些建議。Amy說(shuō)，中國(guó)人很看重saving face, 有面子，所以要按規(guī)矩辦事 follow protocols。如果做錯(cuò)了什么事，make many apologies, 使勁道歉。

　　B: That's what was frustrating for me when I was in China. Most of the time people don't mean what they say! They might tell me that it's not a big deal, but actually it can be a pretty big deal to them!

　　A: Yep, you got to learn how to pick up subtleties for you to do well in a Chinese cultural environment. Let's keep listening to Amy and see what pointers she has for us!

　　禮節(jié)美語(yǔ) saving face/guanxi II

　　Jerry 要去中國(guó)出差，找同事 Amy 請(qǐng)教。

　　Jerry: My book on Chinese culture says that the idea of shame is a big part of how society works.

　　A: That's true. Chinese culture places more value on the group and less on the individual.

　　J: Pretty much the opposite of the U.S. huh?

　　A: Yeah. In China your actions at work reflect on your employer and your daily conduct reflects on your family.

　　J: So if you shame yourself you're also shaming your employer?

　　A: In some cases, yes.

　　集體的概念在中國(guó)文化里很重要。Amy 說(shuō)，Chinese culture places more value on the group and less on the individual. 相對(duì)個(gè)人而言，中國(guó)文化更重視集體，the opposite of the U.S. 跟美國(guó)正相反。你工作時(shí)的表現(xiàn)會(huì)影響到你公司的形象，你的日常舉止行為能反映出你的家庭教養(yǎng)，to reflect on someone 是影響到某人形象的意思。

　　A: Chinese culture doesn't encourage showboating or aggressive self-promotion.

　　J: Ha! In America, we promote ourselves all the time! It's the only way to get noticed.

　　A: But in Chinese society, you might have a better chance at getting a promotion at work by being a real team player. The best advice I can give to a foreigner who wants to do business in China is this: be sincere, try not to offend and tone down the volume.

　　中國(guó)文化不鼓勵(lì) showboat 自我吹噓，也不鼓勵(lì) self-promotion 自我宣傳。在美國(guó)，只有自我宣傳才能得到上司的注意，然而在中國(guó)，最好的途徑是 be a real team player. 做團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。Amy 說(shuō)，她給外國(guó)人最好的建議是：be sincere 真誠(chéng);try not to offend 不要冒犯別人;以及 tone down the volume. 調(diào)低音量。

　　J: What do you mean when you say, "turn down the volume?"

　　S: Well, for one thing: don't talk so loud! Americans are loud and although China is a very noisy country, people don't like it when you draw attention to yourself.

　　J: Would that include how I dress as well?

　　A: Certainly. Try to blend in as much as possible. The locals will appreciate the effort.

　　J: Wow, Amy....I'm so glad I talked with you! You've been a great source of information.

　　A: Sure. Let me know if you need more specifics.

　　Amy 建議 Jerry 講話不要太大聲，因?yàn)?People don't like it when you draw attention to yourself. 大家不喜歡那些故意吸引別人注意的人。另外，穿著打扮也不要太醒目，Try to blend in as much as possible 意思是融入周圍的環(huán)境，也就是說(shuō)，Jerry 應(yīng)該盡量設(shè)法跟周圍的人打成一片。

　　A: Amy說(shuō)，Chinese culture places more value on the group and less on the individual. 中國(guó)文化的核心就是集體的概念比個(gè)人概念更重要。中國(guó)公司里不鼓勵(lì)self-promotion 自我宣傳，最好的方法就是be a real team player, 做團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。她給Jerry的建議是: be sincere 真誠(chéng);try not to offend 不要冒犯別人;以及 tone down the volume. 調(diào)低音量。

　　B: Yeah, I found that all to be true when I was in China. Its more about succeeding as a group than finding personal success.

　　A: That's true. Alright, 面子的話題就到這里吧! 我們接著進(jìn)行我們的課程，來(lái)聽(tīng)下面的learn a word!

　　Learn A Word 1830 outright

　　今天我們要學(xué)的詞是outright. Outright is spelled o-u-t-r-i-g-h-t, outright. Outright 形容詞，意思是全面的，徹底的。An outright lie 徹頭徹尾的謊言。The company has no other choice than an outright sale. 這家公司已經(jīng)別無(wú)選擇，只能準(zhǔn)備把公司賣掉。在美國(guó)，The Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate the amount of nicotine in cigarettes, but it can't ban it outright. 食品和藥物管理局有權(quán)規(guī)定香煙里尼古丁含量的多少，但是不能徹底禁止香煙里尼古丁成分的存在。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是 outright, outright, outright...

　　A: Speaking of cigarettes, I heard DC is coming out with a law that will ban smoking in public places and within 20 feet of a building, but it can't ban it outright.

　　B: I kinda wish it could be a outright ban, I hate the smell of cigarettes!

　　A:I know, but compare to the old days when smoking was not banned at all, I enjoy bars and restaurants a lot more today!

　　B: Ah, you are so content with what you have! It might be small potatoes for you, but it's a big deal for me!

　　A: 知足長(zhǎng)樂(lè)嘛! 好啦，你剛才提到了一個(gè)詞兒，small potatoes, let's listen to today's words and idioms and check it out!

　　Words and Idioms 872 SMALL POTATOES

　　美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)第 872 講

　　我的一個(gè)朋友要買房，我周末陪她一起去看，我看著最滿意的一棟房子有三個(gè)臥室，兩個(gè)衛(wèi)生間，地下室全都鋪了硬木地板，新裝修的廚房，還有一個(gè)一英畝大的花園?？晌夷莻€(gè)朋友居然因?yàn)椴幌矚g廚房的櫥柜，就一口回絕了。這倒讓我想起一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，可以跟大家分享，那就是：

　　M: Small potatoes. Potatoes is spelled p-o-t-a-t-o-e-s. Small-potatoes.

　　SMALL POTATO 小土豆，說(shuō)一個(gè)人或是一件事是 SMALL POTATO 意思就是無(wú)足輕重，微不足道。就好比我那個(gè)朋友，買房子不看房子的格局和設(shè)計(jì)，反而對(duì)廚房的抽屜，櫥柜挑三揀四。我認(rèn)為，其實(shí)這些東西都是 SMALL POTATOES 根本不重要。

　　不過(guò)話說(shuō)回來(lái)，有時(shí)候，對(duì)一個(gè)人微不足道的事情對(duì)另外一個(gè)來(lái)說(shuō)卻是舉足輕重的大事。為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，讓我們一起來(lái)聽(tīng)下面這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)記者的報(bào)道。

　　M: "How much would you guess the United States annually spends on its agriculture and forests? $10 million? $1 billion? Actually, last year, it was about $20 billion. That might seem like a huge amount of money. But compared to the more than $610 billion dollars on both defense and Social Security, it's really SMALL POTATOES."

　　這位記者說(shuō)：你猜猜，美國(guó)每年在農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)上的開(kāi)支是多少?一千萬(wàn)?十億?告訴你吧，去年美國(guó)在農(nóng)林業(yè)上的支出有大約兩百億美元。這聽(tīng)上去好象是很大的一筆錢，但如果跟花在國(guó)防和社會(huì)保障上的6100億比，那可真是微不足道了。

　　說(shuō)起來(lái)不好意思，我上周末在家還因?yàn)檎?qǐng)客吃飯買什么牌子的葡萄酒跟先生斗嘴。轉(zhuǎn)念一想，跟那些失去工作，或是失去房子的人相比，我生活中那些問(wèn)題全都是 SMALL POTATOES. 好的，讓我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)上面那段話。

　　M: "How much would you guess the United States annually spends on its agriculture and forests? $10 million? $1 billion? Actually, last year, it was about $20 billion. That might seem like a huge amount of money. But compared to the more than $610 billion dollars on both defense and Social Security, it's really SMALL POTATOES."

　　在下面這個(gè)例子里，年輕畫(huà)家 Dorothy 的作品最近引起了很大反響。讓我們一起聽(tīng)聽(tīng)她哥哥是怎么說(shuō)的。

　　M: "Dorothy's getting lots of attention for her paintings. Her recent exhibit made headlines in the local paper. And she just received the top prize at our town's art festival. Some people dismiss her work as SMALL POTATOES. Then again, perhaps one day it may hang in important museums."

　　她哥哥說(shuō)：Dorothy 的畫(huà)引起了很多人的注意，她最近的畫(huà)展登上了本地報(bào)紙頭條，她還贏得了鎮(zhèn)里藝術(shù)節(jié)的頭等獎(jiǎng)。有些人說(shuō)她的作品微不足道，可誰(shuí)知道呢，她的作品沒(méi)準(zhǔn)哪天還能出現(xiàn)在大博物館的墻上呢!

　　如果Dorothy真有天才，運(yùn)氣又好的話，沒(méi)準(zhǔn)真能出名!這倒讓我想起，幾個(gè)星期前，韓國(guó)歌星 Rain 來(lái)華盛頓為自己的新電影做宣傳，我打了幾通電話，沒(méi)想到 Rain 的經(jīng)紀(jì)人居然同意讓他跟我做專訪。沒(méi)想到，我這種 SMALL POTATO 居然能請(qǐng)到 RAIN 這樣的大牌明星。好的，我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)一下上面那個(gè)例句。

　　M: "Dorothy's getting lots of attention for her paintings. Her recent exhibit made headlines in the local paper. And she just received the top prize at our town's art festival. Some people dismiss her work as SMALL POTATOES. Then again, perhaps one day it may hang in important museums."

　　SMALL POTATO 這種說(shuō)法最早可以追溯到1836年。好的，這次美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)就到此結(jié)束了。

　　M: Until next time.

　　下次節(jié)目再見(jiàn)。

　　M: This has been Words and Idioms.

　　A: So are you finally coming to grips with the fact that you are small potatoes around here Mike?

　　B: Sure! At least a potato is useful, unlike some people I know......

　　A: 好了同學(xué)們，這次節(jié)目時(shí)間就到這里了。

　　B: Tune in next time for American English Mosaic!

　　A: See you next time!