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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:弗洛伊德

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2018年08月10日

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 About Freud 關(guān)于弗洛伊德

     Sigmund Freud, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis.
     Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical method of psychoanalysis for investigating the mind and treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient (or "analysand") and a psychoanalyst.
     Freud established sexual drives as the primary motivational forces of human life, developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association, discovered the phenomenon of transference in the therapeutic relationship and established its central role in the analytic process; he interpreted dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. He was an early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, aphasia and microscopic neuroanatomy, and a prolific essayist, drawing on psychoanalysis to contribute to the history, interpretation and critique of culture.
     由于對弗洛伊德的許多學(xué)說仍有很大爭議,因此很難估計出他在歷史上的地位。他有創(chuàng)立新學(xué)說的杰出天賦,是一位先驅(qū)者和帶路人。但是弗洛伊德的學(xué)說與達(dá)爾文和巴斯德的不同,從未贏得過科學(xué)界的普遍承認(rèn),所以很難說出他的學(xué)說中有百分之幾最終會被認(rèn)為是正確的。盡管對弗洛伊德的學(xué)說一直存在著爭論,他仍不愧為是人類思想史上的一位極其偉大的人物。他的心理學(xué)觀點(diǎn)使人們對人類思想的觀念發(fā)生了徹底的革命,他提出的概念和術(shù)語已被普遍使用──例如,本我(Id),自我(Ego),超我(Super-Ego),戀母情緒(Oedipus complex)和死亡沖動(Death Drive或Death Instinct)。大多數(shù)心理學(xué)家現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)確信無意識思維過程對人的行為起著一種決定性的作用──一種在弗洛伊德之前被大大低估了的作用。弗洛伊德不是心理學(xué)的鼻祖。從長遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)來看,人們也許會認(rèn)為他作為心理學(xué)家所提出的學(xué)說并非十分正確,但是他顯然是在現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)發(fā)展中最有影響、最重要的人物。




     Freud saw man as motivated disproportionately by sex.
     弗洛伊德認(rèn)為人主要受到性的主宰。
     So, Freud gave up the study of the biology of the brain.
     所以,弗洛伊德放棄了對大腦的生物學(xué)研究。
     The method Freud developed to do this sounds simple today.
     弗洛伊德采取的方法今天聽起來非常簡單。
     Had Freud lived, he might even have welcomed this turn of events.
     如果弗洛伊德還活著,他還可能樂見這種轉(zhuǎn)變。
     Freud felt that his theory of dreams was the greatest work of his life.
     弗洛伊德認(rèn)為,他的釋夢理論是他一生中最偉大的工作。
     Hobson's theory also says Freud was wrong about why dreams are strange.
     霍布森的理論還認(rèn)為,弗洛伊德關(guān)于夢為什么奇怪的觀點(diǎn)也是錯誤的。
     Freud's work stands at the crossroads between psychology and neurology.
     弗洛伊德的理論站在心理學(xué)和精神病學(xué)的交叉點(diǎn)上。
     Freud began his work as a doctor by studying brain cells and nerve cells.
     作為醫(yī)生,弗洛伊德開始研究大腦細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。
     I resonate greatly with the views of Schopenhauer, Voltaire, Nietzsche, and Freud.
     我非常認(rèn)同叔本華、伏爾泰、尼采、弗洛伊德的觀點(diǎn)。
     Doctor Hobson also rejects Freud's theory about why we often forget our dreams.
     霍布森博士還不贊成弗洛伊德關(guān)于我們?yōu)槭裁闯3M泬糁星楣?jié)的理論。
     This is what Freud seems to mean when he distinguishes internal excitement from external excitement.
     當(dāng)他區(qū)別內(nèi)在的興奮跟外在的興奮的時候,這似乎就是弗洛伊德的意思。
     Freud was more clear-sighted about this.
     弗洛伊德對這一點(diǎn)了如指掌。
     It says this is more important in shaping dreams than deep wishes or memories, as Freud thought.
     他說,這在夢的形成中比西格蒙德·弗洛伊德認(rèn)為的深藏的愿望或記憶更重要。
     Freud became interested in dreams while attempting to treat people who suffered from emotional sickness.
     弗洛伊德在治療那些患有情緒性疾病的病人時,對夢越來越感興趣。
     This discovery has given rise to a host of theories about the dreaming brain, many strongly reminiscent of Freud's.
     這個發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了許多有關(guān)腦做夢的理論,其中有許多非常類似弗洛伊德的學(xué)說。
     Around 1900, Freud stated his theory that people try to repress any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good.
     1900年左右,西格蒙德·弗洛伊德闡述了他的理論:人們總是努力去抑制所有他們認(rèn)為不好的記憶或思想。
     Today that picture is coming back into focus, and the surprise is this: it is not unlike the one that Freud outlined a century ago.
     現(xiàn)在,這樣的理論又成了焦點(diǎn),而令人驚訝的是,這個理論與一個世紀(jì)前弗洛伊德所勾勒出來的,并沒有太大的不同。
     A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears.
     一個世紀(jì)前,弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論,即夢是人們潛意識中欲望和恐懼經(jīng)偽裝后的預(yù)示。
     Sigmund Freud said no mortal can keep a secret, if his lips are silent; he chatters with his figure tips, betray the rules out of him of every pore.
     西格蒙德·弗洛伊德說沒人能保守秘密,及時雙唇緊閉,指尖也會說話,每個毛孔都泄露著秘密。
     Sigmund Freud has shaken their heads at the sheer vulgarity.
     西格蒙德·弗洛伊德對其粗俗卑劣感到不齒。
     Carl Jung and Freud both noted that there were inner human drives, namely survival and sexual, that never changed regardless of outside factors.
     卡爾·榮格和弗洛伊德都注意到人類的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動問題,那就是生存和性,它們永遠(yuǎn)不會為外部因素所動搖。
     The Habsburg capital is on the cusp of modernity, its cosmopolitan mix of nationalities, and the dangerous new notions propagated by Freud are evocatively pictured.
     哈布斯堡首都是現(xiàn)代性中心,在這里,各民族混雜而居,加上弗洛伊德宣揚(yáng)的心理學(xué)理論,各類危險的新思潮迭起。
     Freud published his essay in the July issue of the magazine.
     弗洛伊德在七月號的雜志上發(fā)表了一篇文章。
     Freud could not distinguish between sexuality and love.
     弗洛伊德不懂得區(qū)分性愛和愛情。
     In the early 20th century, however, work on psychiatric diagnosis went into eclipse as a result of the influence of the psychoanalytic theories developed by Freud and his followers.
     不過到了20世紀(jì)初期,弗洛伊德與追隨者發(fā)展出精神分析理論,在他們的影響之下,精神疾病診斷研究沒落了。
     Even Freud's empirical attitude is beyond doubt.
     弗洛伊德絕對信賴經(jīng)驗主義。




     Mike: I have a very scary dream last night.
     麥克:我昨天做了一個很可怕的夢。
     Daisy: What did you dream about?
     黛西:你夢見什么了?
     Daisy: I dreamt that I was chasing by a lot of people, and they wanted to kill me.
     黛西:我夢見我被很多人追著,他們想殺我。
     Mike: Maybe you did something bad.
     麥克:也許你做了什么壞事。
     Daisy: I didn't. I don't believe dream has some meaning.
     黛西:我沒有啊。我不相信夢有什么意義。
     Mike: I've read a book by Freud, and I really believe in his theory.
     麥克:我讀過弗洛伊德的書,而且我很相信他的理論。
     Daisy: I've learn some of theory in class, I feel it too complicated.
     黛西:我在課堂上學(xué)過他的理論,我覺得太復(fù)雜了。
     Mike: Psychology is complicated
     麥克:心理學(xué)本來就復(fù)雜。
     Daisy: Yes, I heard those who study psychology are the smartest people.
     黛西:是的,我聽說學(xué)心理學(xué)的都是最聰明的人。
     Mike: Psychology enables you to know better about others and yourself.
     麥克:心理學(xué)可以讓你更好地了解自己和他人。
     Daisy: I know myself very well.
     黛西:我非常了解自己。
     Mike: You think you do.
     麥克:你自己這么覺得。
    

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