About Hawking 關(guān)于霍金
Stephen William Hawking is an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and in 2009 was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States.
Hawking was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge for 30 years, taking up the post in 1979 and retiring on 1 October 2009. He is now Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge. He is also a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and a Distinguished Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes. He has also achieved success with works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general; these include the runaway best seller A Brief History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestsellers list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.
Hawking's key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding gravitational singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation(or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation).
Hawking has a motor neurone disease that is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a condition that has progressed over the years and has left him almost completely paralyzed.
霍金的魅力不僅在于他是一個(gè)充滿傳奇色彩的物理天才,也因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)令人折服的生活強(qiáng)者。他不斷求索的科學(xué)精神和勇敢頑強(qiáng)的人格力量深深地吸引了每一個(gè)知道他的人?;加屑∪馕s性側(cè)索硬化癥的他,近乎全身癱瘓,不能發(fā)音,但1988年仍出版《時(shí)間簡史》,至今已出售逾2500萬冊,成為全球最暢銷的科普著作之一。
霍金的生平是非常富有傳奇性的,在科學(xué)成就上,他是有史以來最杰出的科學(xué)家之一。他擔(dān)任的職務(wù)是劍橋大學(xué)有史以來最為崇高的教授職務(wù),那是牛頓和狄拉克擔(dān)任過的盧卡遜數(shù)學(xué)教授。他擁有幾個(gè)榮譽(yù)學(xué)位,是皇家學(xué)會會員?;艚鸾淌谑乾F(xiàn)代科普小說家,他的代表作是1988年撰寫的《時(shí)間簡史》,這是一篇優(yōu)秀的天文科普小說。作者想象豐富,構(gòu)思奇妙,語言優(yōu)美,字字珠璣,更讓人咋驚,世界之外,未來之變,是這樣的神奇和美妙。這本書至今累計(jì)發(fā)行量已達(dá)2500萬冊,被譯成近 40種語言。1992年耗資350萬英鎊的同名電影問世?;艚饒?jiān)信關(guān)于宇宙的起源和生命的基本理念可以不用數(shù)學(xué)來表達(dá),世人應(yīng)當(dāng)可以通過電影--這一視聽媒介來了解他那深?yuàn)W莫測的學(xué)說。本書是關(guān)于探索時(shí)間本質(zhì)和宇宙最前沿的通俗讀物,是一本當(dāng)代有關(guān)宇宙科學(xué)思想最重要的經(jīng)典著作,它改變了人類對宇宙的觀念。本書一出版即在全世界引起巨大反響。
Hawking moved on to study cosmology.
霍金繼續(xù)研究宇宙論。
The next step is to look for Hawking phonons.
下一步是尋找霍金聲子。
On Hawking's trip, the jet will make a single plunge.
在霍金的此次行程里,飛機(jī)只會進(jìn)行一次俯沖。
Hawking maintains a positive outlook on the world, his life.
霍金還保持著積極的世界觀和人生觀。
Hawking is recognized as one of the world's leading theoretical physicists.
霍金被認(rèn)為是世界上最主要的理論物理學(xué)家之一。
In fact, it makes further predictions for the fine structure of Hawking radiation.
事實(shí)上,它還對霍金輻射的精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)做了更進(jìn)一步的預(yù)測。
Hawking was inspired by his mathematics teacher and found his love for mathematics.
霍金受到數(shù)學(xué)老師的啟發(fā)并發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對數(shù)學(xué)的熱愛。
Moreover, it might even allow for experimental observation of a Hawking-like phenomenon.
而且,它說不定可讓類霍金現(xiàn)象的實(shí)驗(yàn)觀測成真。
Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the aim of studying natural sciences at Oxford.
霍金抱著去牛津?qū)W習(xí)自然科學(xué)的目的參加了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金考試。
Hawking has questioned the way that people think about the world in terms of theories of space and time.
霍金對人們根據(jù)時(shí)間和空間論考慮世界的方法產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。
Unless the hole swallows matter or energy to make up the loss, the Hawking radiation will drain it of all its mass.
除非黑洞吞噬新物質(zhì)或新能量來彌補(bǔ)損失,要不然霍金輻射會把它所有的質(zhì)量洩漏個(gè)精光。
The result is the same as the temperature that Hawking computed by very different means.
他們的結(jié)果,和霍金用很不一樣的方法算出來的溫度相同。
Applied to real black holes, the fluid analogy lends confidence that Hawking's result is correct despite the simplifications he made.
應(yīng)用在真正的黑洞上,流體類比為霍金所得結(jié)果的正確性增添了信心,盡管霍金做了不少簡化。
Proving his theory by observing actual Hawking radiation from a black hole in outer space has therefore remained a practical impossibility.
因此,通過從外空的一個(gè)黑洞來觀察實(shí)際的霍金輻射來證明其理論的正確性,就成了在實(shí)踐上一個(gè)不可能完成的任務(wù)。
Black holes are predicted to emit Hawking radiation, named after Stephen W. Hawking of the University of Cambridge, who discovered this result.
劍橋大學(xué)的霍金預(yù)測黑洞會放出輻射,這些來自黑洞的輻射有一定的溫度。
The proof, says Hawking, lies in the Global Positioning System satellite network, which in addition to helping us navigate on Earth, reveals that time runs faster in space.
霍金說,這些證據(jù)位于全球定位系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)星網(wǎng)絡(luò),這種衛(wèi)星網(wǎng)絡(luò)除了幫助我們地球上的導(dǎo)航之外,還顯示時(shí)間在太空中的運(yùn)行速度的謊言。
These particles, the bulk of which are photons (the particles of light), make up Hawking radiation.
能最終組成光子(光粒子)的這些粒子就形成了霍金輻射。
They were rooted in Euclidean quantum gravity, a research program initiated at the end of the 1970s and popularized by physicist Hawking's best-selling book A Brief History of Time.
它們根源于歐幾里得量子重力,這是一個(gè)起始于1970年代末期的研究概念,后來因物理學(xué)家霍金的暢銷書《時(shí)間簡史》而開始普及。
Brief History of Time by the great British physicist Stephen Hawking is one of the classics of the universe.
英國偉大的物理學(xué)家斯蒂芬·霍金撰寫的《時(shí)間簡史》是一本有關(guān)宇宙學(xué)的經(jīng)典著作。
Hawking is confined to a wheelchair by motor neuron disease, MND.
霍金教授由于運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元病而困坐輪椅。
Hawking was commenting using a muscle below his right eye to operate-via a switch on his glasses-his voice synthesizer.
霍金用右眼下的肌肉,透過眼鏡上的開關(guān),操作他的發(fā)聲合成器發(fā)表這項(xiàng)意見。
In 1974 Stephen Hawking, had a startling theoretical insight about black holes.
1974年,斯蒂芬·霍金提出了一個(gè)關(guān)于黑洞的理論性理解。
Mike: What are you reading?
麥克:你在讀什么?
Daisy: I am reading the "Brief History of Time".
黛西:我在看《時(shí)間簡史》
Mike: Can you understand it?
麥克:你能看懂嗎?
Daisy: Well most of it, it was written in plain language.黛西:大部分可以看懂,它是用平實(shí)的語言寫的。
Mike: The author is Stephern Hawking right?
麥克:作者是斯蒂芬·霍金,對嗎?
Daisy: Yes, he is the most famous scientist now.
黛西:是的,他是現(xiàn)在最出名的科學(xué)家了。
Mike: It is a pity of him to be paralyzed.
麥克:可惜他是殘疾人。
Daisy: Yes, but it does not affect his thought.
黛西:是的,但這并沒有影響他的思維。
Mike: And he is a very positive person.
麥克:而且他是個(gè)很樂觀的人。
Daisy: I heard he can even dance on the wheelchair.
黛西:我聽說他甚至可以坐著輪椅跳舞。
Mike: I also read about it, it's amazing.
麥克:我也看過這個(gè),太神奇了。
Daisy: I hope to see him in person.
黛西:我很想見到他本人。
Mike: You can invite him to give a lecture here.
麥克:你可以請他來做講座。
Daisy: I don't know whether he is willing to come.
黛西:我不知道他是不是愿意來。
Mike: You can have a try.
麥克:你可以試一試。