外國人最想和你聊的名人話題：約翰·彌爾頓
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About Milton 關(guān)于彌爾頓
John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.He was a scholarly man of letters, a polemical writer, and an official serving under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval in England, and his poetry and prose reflect deep convictions and deal with contemporary issues, such as his treatise condemning licensing, Areopagitica. As well as English, he wrote in Latin and Italian, and had an international reputation during his lifetime. After his death, Milton's critical reception oscillated, a state of affairs that continued through the centuries. At an early stage he became the subject of partisan biographies, such as that of John Toland from the nonconformist perspective, and a hostile account by Anthony à Wood.
Samuel Johnson wrote unfavourably of his politics as those of "an acrimonious and surly republican"; but praised Paradise Lost "a poem which, considered with respect to design may claim the first place, and with respect to performance, the second, among the productions of the human mind". William Hayley's 1796 biography called him the"greatest English author". He remains generally regarded "as one of the preeminent writers in the English language and as a thinker of world importance".
彌爾頓的一生或許恰恰是他所生活的17世紀思想史的基礎(chǔ)。彌爾頓在他的青年時代就是一個出色的學者和早熟的詩人，其思想境界屬于伊麗莎白時代。他出版的第一部詩集是1632年附于莎士比亞第二折本里的頌詩。
他創(chuàng)作了《快樂的人》《幽思的人》和《利西達斯》等精致美妙的短詩。這些詩作足以促使他在英國抒情詩壇上占據(jù)一個顯要的位置。1642年國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，他站在叛軍一方，隨后的二十年他背叛了繆斯精神，把主要精力投入到小冊子的創(chuàng)作中，為自由黨服務。后來他開始變得盲目起來，部分原因是因為他擔任克倫威爾的外國語秘書。大英聯(lián)邦失敗王朝復辟之后，由于朋友的幫助和敵人的手下留情，彌爾頓幸免于走上絞刑架。退隱后，他把余生投入到他的杰作《失樂園》《復樂園》和《力士參孫》的創(chuàng)作中。因此他的職業(yè)生涯可以根據(jù)17世紀的歷史劃分為三個階段：伊麗莎白王朝的尾聲、共和國時期以及王朝復辟時代。
彌爾頓的早期詩歌并沒有顯出他稚嫩的痕跡，他初出文壇就立刻顯示了他在抒情詩方面的天賦才能。二十一歲的時候創(chuàng)作的《基督教降生的早晨禮贊》氣勢宏偉，宣告了一個在其后時代創(chuàng)作基督主題敘事詩的偉大詩人的誕生?！犊鞓返娜恕费笠缰畹臍g欣。
Who that has read Milton can ever forget him?
讀過彌爾頓作品的人誰能忘記他呢?
Milton's Paradise Lost consists of twelve books.
彌爾頓的《失樂園》共有十二冊。
The childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. -John Milton
從童年可看成年，猶如從早晨可推知一天。--約翰·彌爾頓
Milton's literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the great poem.
彌爾頓的文學作品可分為三類：早期詩作、中期的散文小冊子和后期的偉大詩作。
In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milton's passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.
在《力士參孫》中，整首詩都強烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一樣，以生命為代價，與敵人同歸于盡。
Milton is the milestone significance in the history of European literature.
彌爾頓在歐洲文學史上是一位具有里程碑意義的人物。
John Milton is a famous man in English Renaissance and Revolution, and the idea of liberty is the central content of his thoughts.
彌爾頓作為英國文藝復興和資產(chǎn)階級革命時期的重要人物，自由理論是其思想中最核心的觀念范疇。
Let me take you back to the seventeenth century, up to the very beginning of the literary reception of John Milton.
讓我把你們帶回到17世紀，約翰·彌爾頓剛在文學領(lǐng)域為人所知的時候。
John Milton, one of the most renowned poets of the English language, dedicates great enthusiasm to the narration and exploration of the temptation theme.
17世紀英國著名詩人彌爾頓在他一生的文學創(chuàng)作中對誘惑主題的描寫和探討傾注了極大熱情，他對誘惑的認識是基于他的自由意志論的神學思想。
John Milton enters Christ's, where he studies until 1632.
約翰·彌爾頓進入基督學院學習，他在那里一直學習到1632年。
John Milton's Paradise Lost is a political and religious epic.
約翰·彌爾頓的《失樂園》是一部政治宗教性史詩。
They tried to appraise the poetry of John Milton.
他們試圖評價彌爾頓的詩。
We have already encountered on some level the importance of the figure of eating to John Milton.
我們已經(jīng)在某種程度上見識到了對于彌爾頓來說吃的形象的重要性。
John Milton has made a literary mistake.
約翰·彌爾頓犯下了一個文學上的錯誤。
This might be the first time that John Milton is actually attacked or brought to the attention of the English people in print.
那可能是彌爾頓第一次被抨擊，或在出版界中引起英國人的注意。
John Milton will remain unique in English letters for the degree of thought that he gave to the shape of his literary career, or actually to the notion of a career at all.
約翰·彌爾頓在英語文學方面的影響是十分獨特的，因為他深刻的思想塑造了他的文學事業(yè)，或者說，塑造了他對事業(yè)的看法。
Finally, John Milton leaves his father's house.
最終，彌爾頓離開了他父親的家。
John Milton published his poems.
約翰·彌爾頓發(fā)表了他的詩篇。
Mike: Are you reading Paradise Lost?
麥克：你是在讀《失樂園》嗎？
Daisy: Yes, how do you know?
黛西：是的，你怎么知道？
Mike: I've borrow it once, but I never finished it.
麥克：我借過一次，但是沒有看完。
Daisy: Why, it's a very classic good.
黛西：為什么，這是一本非常經(jīng)典的書。
Mike: I know, but I can't understand it at all.
麥克：我知道，但是我一點都看不懂。
Daisy: That's because you do not have the patience to read it, it is very philosophic.
黛西：那是因為你沒有耐心讀下去，這本書非常有哲理。
Mike: I do not like books with deep meanings, I like stories.
麥克：我不喜歡深奧的書，我喜歡看故事。
Daisy: Then you can read Jane Austin's books.
黛西：那么你可以看看簡·奧斯汀的書。
Mike: Yes, I have read one, it's very good.
麥克：是的，我看過一本，的確不錯。
Daisy: I like Paradise Lost more, I think it's full of wisdom.
黛西：我更喜歡《失樂園》，我覺得它很有哲理。
Mike: Well, you keep on reading it, then you tell me what does it say.
麥克：那么你接著讀吧，然后你告訴我它說了什么。
Daisy: Fine, it's your loss not to read it.
黛西：好吧，不看它是你的損失。
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