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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:奧諾雷·德·巴爾扎克

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2018年08月15日

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 About Balzac 關于巴爾扎克

     Honoré de Balzac was a French novelist and playwright. His magnum opus was a sequence of short stories and novels collectively entitled La Comédie Humaine, which presents a panorama of French life in the years after the fall of Napoleon I in 1815.
     Due to his keen observation of detail and unfiltered representation of society, Balzac is regarded as one of the founders of realism in European literature. He is renowned for his multi-faceted characters, which are complex, morally ambiguous and fully human. His writing influenced many famous authors, including the novelists Marcel Proust,émile Zola, Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Gustave Flaubert, Marie Corelli, Henry James, William Faulkner, Jack Kerouac, and Italo Calvino as well as important philosophers such as Friedrich Engels. Many of Balzac's works have been made into or inspired films, and they are a continuing source of inspiration for writers, filmmakers, and critics alike.
     An enthusiastic reader and independent thinker as a child, Balzac had trouble adapting to the teaching style of his grammar school. His willful nature caused trouble throughout his life and frustrated his ambitions to succeed in the world of business. When he finished school, Balzac was an apprentice in a law office, but he turned his back on law after wearying of its inhumanity and banal routine. Before and during his career as a writer, he attempted to be a publisher, printer, businessman, critic, and politician. He failed in all of these efforts. La Comédie Humaine reflects his real-life difficulties, and includes scenes from his own experience.
     Balzac suffered from health problems throughout his life, possibly due to his intense writing schedule. His relationship with his family was often strained by financial and personal drama, and he lost more than one friend over critical reviews. In 1850, he married Ewelina Hańska, his longtime love; he died five months later.
     巴爾扎克出生于一個法國大革命后致富的資產階級家庭,法科學校畢業(yè)后,拒絕家庭為他選擇的受人尊敬的法律職業(yè),而立志當文學家。為了獲得獨立生活和從事創(chuàng)作的物質保障,他曾試筆并插足商業(yè),從事出版印刷業(yè),但都以破產告終。這一切都為他認識社會、描寫社會提供了極為珍貴的第一手材料。他不斷追求和探索,對哲學、經濟學、歷史、自然科學、神學等領域進行了深入研究,積累了極為廣博的知識。
     1829年,巴爾扎克完成長篇小說《朱安黨人》,這部取材于現(xiàn)實生活的作品為他帶來巨大聲譽,也為法國批判現(xiàn)實主義文學放下第一塊基石。巴爾扎克將《朱安黨人》和計劃要寫的一百四五十部小說總命名為《人間喜劇》,并為之寫了《前言》,闡述了他的現(xiàn)實主義創(chuàng)作方法和基本原則,從理論上為法國批判現(xiàn)實主義文學奠定了基礎。
     巴爾扎克在藝術上取得了巨大成就,他在小說結構方面匠心獨運,小說結構多種多樣,不拘一格,并善于將集中概括與精確描摹相結合,以外形反映內心本質等手法來塑造人物,他還善于以精細入微、生動逼真的環(huán)境描寫再現(xiàn)時代風貌。恩格斯稱贊巴爾扎克的《人間喜劇》寫出了貴族階級的沒落衰敗和資產階級的上升發(fā)展,提供了社會各個領域無比豐富的生動細節(jié)和形象化的歷史材料,"甚至在經濟的細節(jié)方面(如革命以后動產和不動產的重新分配),我學到的東西也要比從當時所有職業(yè)歷史學家、經濟學院和統(tǒng)計學家那里學到的全部東西還要多"。(恩格斯:《恩格斯致瑪·哈克奈斯》)巴爾扎克以自己的創(chuàng)作在世界文學史上樹立起不朽的豐碑。




     The novel was Balzac.
     這本小說是巴爾扎克寫的。
     I have to write a comment on Usurer by Balzac.
     我要寫一篇巴爾扎克的《高利貸者》的評論。
     Balzac was a French author obsessed with writing and food.
     巴爾扎克是法國的一位作家,為寫作和生計深深困擾。
     That night, Balzac was already on bed and seemed to be in deep sleep.
     這天晚上呢,巴爾扎克已經上床了,看起來睡得很沉。
     Balzac was a great French writer. But he was very poor before he was famous.
     巴爾扎克是一個著名的法國作家,但是,在他還沒有成名前是非常窮的。
     Balzac said there is no such thing as a great ta1ent without great will-power.
     巴爾扎克說沒有偉大的意志力,便沒有雄才大略。
     Many characters in Balzac's "Human Comedy" figure appear in more than one novel or story.
     巴爾扎克的《人間喜劇》中的許多人物在幾篇小說或故事里一再出現(xiàn)。
     Failures never faltered Balzac's drive to continue to write novels.
     巴爾扎克屢屢失敗,但從未放棄過繼續(xù)寫小說的念頭。
     The friend opened the door hurriedly only to find that there was only Balzac in the room.
     這個朋友急忙推門進去,看見屋里只有巴爾扎克一個人。
     Balzac was one of the creators of realism in literature, with a bent for satire.
     巴爾扎克偏好諷刺意味的作品,是當時文藝寫實派的先驅之一。
     This part inquires how Balzac who had been a impetuous literary youth grown into a great realistic writer.
     這部分主要探討了巴爾扎克是如何從一個莽撞學步的文學青年成長為一個偉大的現(xiàn)實主義作家的。
     It turned out that Balzac was bitterly attacking the base conduct of the character that he was exposing in his work.
     原來巴爾扎克在痛罵作品中一個他正在揭露的人物的卑劣行為。
     Confinement with TB in his 20s introduced him to Dickens and Dostoevsky, Balzac and Plato, and spurred him to write.
     到20多歲,因身患肺結核,他臥床閱讀狄更斯、陀思妥耶夫斯基、巴爾扎克和柏拉圖,并由此激發(fā)了寫作欲。
     After taking a quick look at the composition book, Balzac asked the woman whether she was the child's relative or not.
     巴爾扎克很快地看了那本作文本,并且問老婦人是否是那孩子的親戚。
     In the course of interpreting academic idea, I discuss the modern significance of Balzac's literary ideology in four respects.
     在學理闡發(fā)的過程中,我從四個方面論述了巴爾扎克的現(xiàn)代意義。
     In this thesis, basing on previous fruits, I study Balzac's literary ideology so as to reveal the theory enigmas twisting around Balzac.
     本文擬在吸收已有成果的基礎上,對巴爾扎克的文藝思想進行一些研究,以期揭開纏繞在巴爾扎克身上的很多理論問題的謎團。
     She said that she wanted to know what Balzac thought of the boy's character.
     她說她想知道巴爾扎克對這個男孩的看法。
     Balzac begins his novel by calling the reader insensitive to human misery and insisting that his book is not a novel but a record of the truth.
     巴爾扎克在小說的開端,指稱讀者對人類的苦難感覺遲鈍,并強調他的書并非小說,而是事實的記載。
     Scott first made a notable impact on France, his customary novels were changed into a study on the society by Balzac and ethics novels by Hugo.
     法國率先受到司各特的影響,司各特的風俗歷史小說由巴爾扎克演化為一項社會研究,在雨果筆下則發(fā)展為倫理歷史小說。
     Balzac's is a dense and actual world, Cooper's, by contrast, is a mythological place.
     巴爾扎克描寫的是實實在在的世界,而庫珀的只是神話中的世界。
     Although Proust and Balzac are respectively masters of fiction of stream of consciousness and realism, there are obvious connections between them.
     普魯斯特和巴爾扎克是意識流與現(xiàn)實主義的兩位大師,卻存在明顯的淵源關系。
     In literature and philosophy, from Molière and Balzac to Sartre, the French have denounced the corrupting power of money, and ridiculed the grasping nouveau riche.
     在文學和哲學領域,從莫里哀到巴爾扎克到薩特,法國人一直在披露金錢的腐蝕作用和諷刺貪財?shù)谋┌l(fā)戶。
     Hearing what the woman said, Balzac's face turned red.
     聽到這個婦女的話,巴爾扎克的臉刷的紅了。




     Mike: You have a lot of Balzac's novels.
     麥克:你有很多巴爾扎克的書。
     Daisy: He is my favorite author.
     黛西:他是我最喜歡的作家。
     Mike: I've only read the Humane Comedy.
     麥克:我只看過《人間喜劇》。
     Daisy: What do you think of it?
     黛西:你覺得怎么樣?
     Mike: It's very well written.
     麥克:寫得很好。
     Daisy: Why don't you read other books of him?
     黛西: 你讀過他的其他作品嗎?
     Mike: I want to, but I do not have time.
     麥克:我想讀,但是我沒有時間。
     Daisy: It won't take much time, you can read it on bed.
     黛西:不會占用你很多時間,你可以在床上看。
     Mike: I do not know you like Balzac so much.
     麥克:我不知道你這么喜歡巴爾扎克。
     Daisy: His works are very interesting.
     黛西:他的作品很有意思。
     Mike: Can I borrow some to read?
     麥克:我可以借幾本去看嗎?
     Daisy: Help yourself.
     黛西:隨便挑吧。
    

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