Realize Divorce and Reasons 婚姻終止的概念及離婚類別
1 婚姻終止的概念和原因
Divorce (or the dissolution of marriage) is the final termination of a marital union, canceling the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage and dissolving the bonds of matrimony between the parties. In most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process. The legal process for divorce may also involve issues of spousal support, child custody, child support, distribution of property and division of debt.
In most Western countries, a divorce does not declare a marriage null and void, as in an annulment, but it does cancel the married status of the parties. Where monogamy is law, this allows each former partner to marry another. Where polygyny is legal, divorce allows the woman to marry another. Divorce laws vary considerably around the world. Divorce is not permitted in some countries, such as in Malta and in the Philippines, though an annulment is permitted. A referendum will be held in Malta 28th May 2011 to determine if the public wishes to make divorce legal. From 1971 to 1996, four European countries legalized divorce: Spain, Italy, Portugal and the Republic of Ireland.
An annual study in the UK by management consultants Grant Thornton, estimates the main proximal causes of divorce based on surveys of matrimonial lawyers.
The main causes in 2004 were:
Adultery; Extramarital sex; Infidelity-27%
Domestic violence-17%
Midlife crisis-13%
Addictions, e.g. alcoholism and gambling-6%
Workaholism-6%
2 離婚分類的表達(dá)方式
(1)No-fault divorce 無過錯(cuò)離婚
Under a no-fault divorce system, divorce requires no allegation or proof of fault of either party. The barest of assertions suffice.
(2)At-fault divorce 有過錯(cuò)離婚
Prior to the late 1960s, nearly all countries which permitted divorce also required proof by one party that the other party had committed an act incompatible to the marriage. Most jurisdictions around the world still require such proof of fault.
(3)Mediated divorce 調(diào)解離婚
Divorce mediation is an alternative to traditional divorce litigation.
(4)Collaborative divorce 合作離婚
Collaborative divorce is a method for divorcing couples to come to agreement on divorce issues. In a collaborative divorce, the parties negotiate an agreed resolution with the assistance of attorneys who are trained in the collaborative divorce process and in mediation, and often with the assistance of a neutral financial specialist and/or divorce coach(es).
(5)Uncontested divorce 協(xié)議離婚
It is estimated that upwards of 95% of divorces in the U.S. are"uncontested", because the two parties are able to come to an agreement(either with or without lawyers/mediators/collaborative counsel) about the property, children, and support issues. It is estimated that upwards of 95% of divorces in the U.S. are "uncontested", because the two parties are able to come to an agreement (either with or without lawyers/mediators/ collaborative counsel) about the property, children, and support issues.
絕大多數(shù)離婚者離婚后,心情總是很沮喪,情緒低沉、傷感,這無關(guān)性別,他們表現(xiàn)出憤恨、不滿、自卑、看破紅塵等各種各樣的消極心理。同時(shí),面對周圍人的非議和白眼,他們會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)、無奈和憤憤不平。 對于心思細(xì)密、敏感多慮的女性來說,這種挫敗感給心理健康造成的傷害更甚。這時(shí)候的心理調(diào)試非常重要,常有的調(diào)試方法有:移情方法,改變環(huán)境,感情支撐和心理咨詢。
According to a new study, divorce is catching.
一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示,離婚會(huì)傳染。
The researchers have called it "divorce clustering" and say that a split up between immediate friends increases your own chances of getting divorced by 75%.
研究人員把這種傳染性稱為"離婚群聚效應(yīng)",他們指出,親近的朋友離婚會(huì)使你的離婚幾率增加75%。
The effect drops to 33% if the divorce is between friends of a friend, what the researchers call two degrees of separation, and then disappears almost completely at three degrees of separation.
如果有朋友的朋友(也就是研究人員所說的二級維度關(guān)系人群)離婚,那么你離婚的幾率就會(huì)降到33%,而三級維度關(guān)系人群離婚對你的婚姻基本不會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。
It is not only the marital status of friends but also siblings and colleagues which has a significant effect on how long your own marriage might last.
除了朋友外,家中手足以及單位同事的婚姻狀況也會(huì)對我們的婚姻關(guān)系產(chǎn)生重大影響。
Breaking up will catch on among your friends, and the more divorces you know, the higher your own chances of becoming one.
分手的情緒會(huì)在朋友之間傳播,你認(rèn)識(shí)的離婚人士越多,你自己離婚的幾率也就越高。
Divorce, inheritance and business nous has helped a growing number of women to become millionaires, who have increased at five times the rate of wealthy men.
離婚、遺產(chǎn)繼承和商業(yè)頭腦使得越來越多的女性成為百萬富翁,其增長速度為有錢男性的五倍。
Wealth used to be a man's world, but the gap between the sexes is narrowing when it comes to money, a new report shows.
財(cái)富曾被認(rèn)為是男性的"專利",但據(jù)一項(xiàng)最新報(bào)告顯示,如今男女財(cái)富的差距越來越小。
Female millionaires has been rising on the back of social trends-such as inheritance and the rapidly climbing divorce rate-and they now make up nearly half of all millionaires in the UK.
隨著遺產(chǎn)繼承、不斷攀升的離婚率等各種社會(huì)潮流的出現(xiàn),英國女百萬富翁的數(shù)量持續(xù)上升,占英國百萬富翁總數(shù)近一半。
According to the Time of September 19, WedLock, as it's coyly named, is a new type of casualty insurance that gives the unhappily married policyholder a payout after he or she is unhitched.
據(jù)《時(shí)代雜志》9月19日報(bào)道,婚姻離婚保險(xiǎn)"婚姻保護(hù)鎖"是一種給婚姻不幸福的投保人離婚后賠償?shù)男滦鸵馔獗kU(xiǎn)。
The global trend toward higher divorce rates has created more households with fewer people, scientists at Michigan State University reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
密歇根州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們在《國家科學(xué)院院刊》上發(fā)表研究報(bào)告稱,全球離婚率日益上升導(dǎo)致家庭數(shù)量增多,家庭成員減少。
Italy is holding its first divorce fair, offering services such as life coaching and beauty advice to a booming number of separating couples in the Catholic country.
意大利即將舉辦該國的首屆離婚博覽會(huì),旨在為這個(gè)天主教國家不斷增長的離婚人群提供生活指導(dǎo)和美容建議等服務(wù)。
Even in regions with declining population, we see substantial increase in the number of households. Divorce is the main reason for reducing the number of people in a household.
即使在人口負(fù)增長地區(qū),家庭數(shù)量的增長也相當(dāng)可觀。離婚是造成家庭成員減少的主要原因。
Researchers found that marriage breakdown can take a significant toll on appearance.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),婚姻破裂會(huì)對人的外貌造成很大影響。
They looked at identical twins, who would be genetically predisposed to age at a similar pace, to determine whether certain experiences affected ageing.
為確定某些經(jīng)歷是否會(huì)影響衰老,研究人員對同卵雙生的雙胞胎進(jìn)行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些雙胞胎在基因的設(shè)定下衰老速度完全一樣。
The results showed that the twin who had gone through a divorce appeared two years older than the one who was married, single or had been widowed.
結(jié)果顯示,一對雙胞胎中的離婚者比已婚、單身或守寡者看起來要老兩歲。
India's minority Muslim population is governed by Islamic personal laws on issues such as marriage, divorce and property inheritance.
穆斯林占印度人口的比例較小,他們的結(jié)婚、離婚及財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承等私人事宜都由伊斯蘭的《屬人法》管轄。
In a British study of married men and women, the majority of wives-59 per cent-said they would divorce immediately if their future economic security was assured.
英國一項(xiàng)對已婚男女的調(diào)查表明,多數(shù)女性(59%)表示如果以后在經(jīng)濟(jì)上能得到保障,她們會(huì)馬上離婚。
It's so easy for married couples to get stuck in a rut once the realities of paying the bills and getting the children's breakfast sets in.
對于已婚夫婦而言,一旦支付賬單和給孩子做早餐等家庭瑣事成為每天的現(xiàn)實(shí),兩個(gè)人便很容易陷入"陳規(guī)"。
Relationships inevitably change over time. Divorce impacts on every single area of a person's life. Dividing up the family home, pets and everything they own is just part of the process.
久而久之,兩人的感情必然發(fā)生變化。離婚會(huì)對個(gè)人生活的方方面面產(chǎn)生影響,分家、分寵物、分財(cái)產(chǎn)僅是其中的一部分。
Cathy: How about your son after your divorce?
凱西:你離婚后,那你兒子怎么辦?
Daisy: Last month, when he knew that we were going to divorce, he said that it was the best decision.
黛西:上個(gè)月,當(dāng)他知道我們要離婚,他說這是最好的決定。
Cathy: Oh, your son is really different.
凱西:噢,你兒子真不一樣。
Daisy: I think so. He is old enough to accept the change of our family.
黛西:是的,他已經(jīng)大到能夠接受我們家庭的改變了。
Cathy: Isn't that cute? Where did you buy that cake?
凱西:好可愛啊。你在哪里買的那個(gè)蛋糕?
Daisy: Trust me! You will if you dumped a terrible man. It's a divorce cake for God's sake.
黛西:相信我。如果你甩了一個(gè)很差勁的男人,你會(huì)的。這可是離婚蛋糕啊。
Cathy: Really? I only heard about wedding cakes.
凱西:真的? 我只聽說過結(jié)婚蛋糕。
Daisy: So there should be divorce cakes. People tend to celebrate weddings. I think it's time for giving best wishes for divorcing.
黛西:所以就應(yīng)該有離婚蛋糕啊。人們傾向于慶祝婚禮。我覺得是時(shí)候祝福離婚了。
Cathy: You just stole my words. People can mark it in a big and tasty way.
凱西:你說得太對了。人們可以以一種盛大的可口的方式來紀(jì)念離婚。
Daisy: Why not? Being single again means I am available for another better relationship.
黛西:為什么不呢? 恢復(fù)單身意味著我又可以來一段更好的戀情了。
Cathy: Are you still disturbing yourself about Jake?
凱西:你是不是還在為杰克的事情耿耿于懷?。?br />
Daisy: No. I am over him. He doesn't even deserve a divorce cake. I would make a dumping husband cake by myself. I can't kill him in life. But I can make him the ugliest on the cake.
黛西:不。我們已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。他根本不配離婚蛋糕。我會(huì)自己做一個(gè) "甩夫" 蛋糕。我不能在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中殺了他,但是我可以把蛋糕上的他做得很丑。
Cathy: You are evil! You know what? You do have a talent. We should start a special bakery for heartbroken people.
凱西:你真的很壞! 知道嗎?你真的很有天賦啊。我們應(yīng)該為那些心碎的人開一個(gè)特別的烘焙店。
Daisy: Good idea. I prefer greenback to men now.
黛西:好主意。相對男人我現(xiàn)在更喜歡綠色的東西(美金)。