[初中]全新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法22-2 it作非人稱代詞的用法

22-2 it作非人稱代詞的用法

1.用來指時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、天氣、氣候、溫度等自然現(xiàn)象

it作非人稱代詞，主要用來指時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)值、天氣、氣候及溫度等自然現(xiàn)象。如：

It's too late to go there now.現(xiàn)在去那兒已經(jīng)太遲了。

It rained all day yesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。

It can get very hot here.這里會(huì)變得很熱。

2.用于一些表示時(shí)間的固定句型

（1）It's time for sth.該做某事了；是做某事的時(shí)間了。如：

It's time for lunch.該吃午飯了。/是吃午飯的時(shí)間了。

（2）It's time to do sth.該做某事了；是做某事的時(shí)候了。如：

It's time to go to bed.該睡覺了。/是睡覺的時(shí)間了。

（3）It's time for sb.to do sth.某人該干某事了。如：

It's time for me to go home.我該回家了。

（4）It's time+that-從句.某人該做某事了。如：

It's time that you should do cleaning.你該去打掃衛(wèi)生了。

（5）It's the first （second）time+that-從句。那是某人第幾次干某事。如：

It is the first time that I have received your letter.那是我第一次收到你的來信。

（6）It's+時(shí)間段+since-從句?！嚅L(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。如：

It's three years since he joined the Party.他入黨三年了。

（7）It will be+時(shí)間段+before-從句。過多長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才……。如：

It will be hours before he arrives.再過幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才到。

3.用作形式主語(yǔ)

（1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而在句首使用形式主語(yǔ)it。如：

It's very important to remember this.記住這一點(diǎn)很重要。

It's hard work climbing mountains.爬山是艱苦的工作。

It's unknown when he will come.他什么時(shí)候來還不知道。

（2）it用作形式主語(yǔ)的重要句型

①It+be+adj.for （of）sb.to do sth.某人做某事……

It is hard for him to make up his mind.他很難下定決心。

It was foolish of her to say such a thing.她說那樣的話，真是太蠢了。

注意：

介詞of與for的區(qū)別是：of用來指某人的性格、屬性、特征等，介詞for表示對(duì)象，意為“對(duì)……來說”。

②It takes sb.+時(shí)間段+to do sth.做某事需要某人……時(shí)間。如：

It takes us years to master a new language.掌握一門新的語(yǔ)言需要我們多年的時(shí)間。

③It is up to sb.to do sth.該由某人做某事。如：

It's up to you to make the choice.得由你來作選擇。

④It seems （look，appear，happen）that/as if ...似乎……

It seems that he is always correct.他好像總是對(duì)的。

It happened that I was out when he called.他打電話時(shí)我碰巧不在家。

⑤It is said（reported/believed）that ...據(jù)說（據(jù)報(bào)道/人們相信）……。如：

It is said that he has joined the Party.據(jù)說他入黨了。

It's reported that Chinese spend more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat.據(jù)報(bào)道中國(guó)人每天花40多分鐘看微信。

It is believed that the book is well worth reading.人們相信那本書很值得一看。

4.用作形式賓語(yǔ)

（1）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等復(fù)雜成分用作賓語(yǔ)且其后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常會(huì)在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前使用it作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+it+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+不定式（動(dòng)名詞或從句）”。如：

I find it difficult to do the job well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。

I think it best that you should stay here.我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。

We think it no use complaining.我們認(rèn)為抱怨是沒有用的。

（2）用作形式賓語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

①動(dòng)詞+it+that-從句。如：

I like it that you came.你來了，我很高興。

I take it （that）he will come on time.我認(rèn)為他會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來的。

You can put it that it was arranged before.你可以說這是以前安排的。

注意：

能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有have，take，put，like等。

②動(dòng)詞+it+when （if）-從句。如：

I dislike it when you whistle.我不愛聽你吹口哨。

We really appreciated it when she offered to help.她來幫忙了，我們十分感激。

I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。

注意：

能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等。

③動(dòng)詞+介詞+it+that-從句。如：

See to it that you're not late again.注意千萬不要再遲到。

Look to it that this doesn't happen again.注意不要再發(fā)生這種事。

You may rely on it that he'll come to meet you.你放心，他會(huì)來接你的。

I can't answer for it that he will come.我不能保證他會(huì)來。

注意：

能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有see to，look to，insist on，stick to，depend on，answer for等。

④動(dòng)詞+it+介詞短語(yǔ)+that-從句。如：

I owe it to you that I am still alive.多虧有你，我才活下來。

I took it for granted that he would help us.我認(rèn)為他會(huì)幫助我們的。

注意：

能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有take it for granted，bring it to sb's attention，owe it to sb.等。

5.用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that （who）+其他部分。如：

It was yesterday that he got married.他是昨天結(jié)的婚。

It was a computer that he bought last week.他上個(gè)星期買的是一臺(tái)電腦。

Who was it that won the World Cup in 2016？誰贏了2016年的世界杯？