那么怎樣做這類題才能達到較好的復習效果呢?今天我們就一起來學習一下怎么做簡化題,下面小編來為大家介紹一種方法,即運用邏輯解題法,希望對大家有所幫助?! ?/p>
邏輯解題法,顧名思義就是通過對句子進行分析,在了解句子結構的基礎上,分析句子的主要邏輯結構,找到句子所要表達的核心內容,然后對應答案,選出內容邏輯都符合的正確選項。句子簡化題簡化的是內容,但不是邏輯,所以通過邏輯解題法我們可以快速鎖定正確答案范圍。
邏輯解題法主要有以下三個步驟:
通讀原句,分析句子結構,找到句子主干及句子所表達的主要邏輯關系
查看選項,排除非主干邏輯的選項
根據(jù)句子內容,對應邏輯關系的具體對象,選出正確答案
下面我們來看一個例子:
例: The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
上面這句話就是一個高亮的句子,我們來看一下對應的 4 個選項:
A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
按照邏輯解題法的步驟,首先我們先分析一下原句,找到主干邏輯。很明顯,這句話主語是 The extreme seriousness,謂語 results from,后面 as well as from 與前面并列,連接了并列賓語,所以這句話的主干邏輯就是 “result from” 所表現(xiàn)出來的因果關系。
第二步查看選項,我們可以直接排除 C D 兩個選項,C 選項因果關系缺失,D 選項中 “unless” 表示句子邏輯關系,中文釋義為“除非”,不是因果,所以 D 選項也沒有因果概念。答案應該在 A B 之中選擇。
第三步對應邏輯關系主要承接對象,選定最終答案。原句中 “result from” 前面的部分是結果部分,而 B 選項 “because of” 前面表示結果的部分跟原文中不一致,排除。A 選項的結果部分與原句的結果部分一致。所以選 A。最后,做完題還應進行驗證??催@個題目選的這句話跟原文那句話的意思是否一致,規(guī)避一些基本的小錯誤。
此外,我們在考試的時候還會遇到一些比較復雜的句子,里面包含多種邏輯關系,在這種情況下,我們就需要分析哪個是主要邏輯,哪個是次要邏輯,最終根據(jù)分析,確定主要內容。比如下面這個例子:
例:He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.
通過分析句子,我們可以看到,句子中有兩個邏輯關系,一個是因果,一個是條件,“reasoning” 表示“因果關系”,“if” 表示“條件關系”。但是“條件”是被鑲嵌在“因果”關系里面的,主干邏輯為 “a reasoning that b”,a 以 b 為原因,而這個原因就是 if 引導的從句,這意味著因果關系要比條件關系要高一層。所以我們在選擇的時候主要的邏輯關系應該是因果,不是條件??聪旅嫠膫€選項:
A. Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.
B. Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.
C. Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.
D. Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.
通過上述分析,我們可以知道,答案為 C,D 選項雖然與原句表達的意思相似,但是不能選 D。因為因果和條件這兩種邏輯差別的關系:已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情屬于因果關系,尚未發(fā)生的事情屬于條件關系。
OK,上面就是利用主干邏輯解題的方法啦。