強(qiáng)降雨 torrential rain
Days of torrential rain in central China's Hunan province raised the water level of the Xiangjiang River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River, to exceed its record flood level Sunday morning.
湖南省連日強(qiáng)降雨,導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)江主要支流湘江水位上升,2日上午已超歷史最高水位。
Already at 3.2 meters above the warning level, the water level is expected to continue to rise as heavy rain is forecast for upstream regions over the next few days.
目前,湘江水位已超警戒水位3.2米,未來幾天上游地區(qū)強(qiáng)降雨繼續(xù),水位可能繼續(xù)上漲。
Tributary指的是a stream or river that flows into a larger one,即“支流”,“XX江/河的支流”一般都用a tributary of ...River表示,比如這里的a major tributary of the Yangtze River或者a tributary of the Amazon(亞馬遜河的一條支流),等等。因?yàn)橹Я饕卜执笮?,所以可以在tributary前面添加major來表示某條河流是“主要支流”。
在水文學(xué)上,支流(tributary)指匯入另一條河流(或其他水體)而不直接入海的河流。支流所匯入的河流稱為干流或主流(mainstream),兩河或多河交匯之處稱為合流或合流處(confluence)。與支流相反的情況稱為分流(distributary)。
笑氣 laughing gas
Chinese student Lin Na (not her real name) got hooked on laughing gas while studying in the U.S., resulting in serious injury.
中國(guó)學(xué)生林娜(化名)在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)期間吸食笑氣成癮,導(dǎo)致身體機(jī)能嚴(yán)重受損。
笑氣(laughing gas),學(xué)名一氧化二氮(nitrous oxide),在室溫下是無色(colorless)、無味的不可燃?xì)怏w(odorless non-flammable gas)。溫度升高后,可成為很強(qiáng)的氧化劑(powerful oxidizer)。
因?yàn)榫哂新樽硇Ч?anaesthetic effects),一氧化二氮曾經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用于外科和牙科治療;也因?yàn)槲氪藲怏w之后,人會(huì)產(chǎn)生愉悅的感覺(euphoric effects),所以才會(huì)得名“笑氣”。此外,一氧化二氮還可用作火箭推進(jìn)劑中的氧化劑(oxidizer in rocket propellants),以及賽車時(shí)提升發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力輸出(increase the power output of engines)。
據(jù)媒體報(bào)道,年輕人吸食“笑氣”時(shí)先將氣體沖進(jìn)氣球,然后抱著氣球吸食,這種氣球被稱為“嗨氣球”(dizzy balloons)。
“笑氣”進(jìn)入血液后會(huì)導(dǎo)致人體缺氧,長(zhǎng)期吸食可能引起高血壓(high blood pressure)、暈厥(syncope),甚至心臟病發(fā)作(heart attack)。長(zhǎng)期接觸此類氣體還可引起貧血(anemia)及中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損害(central nervous system injury)等。如果超量攝入,很可能因?yàn)槿毖鯇?dǎo)致窒息死亡(die of suffocation)。
目前,笑氣尚未列入我國(guó)麻醉藥品品種目錄(catalogue of narcotic drugs)、精神藥品品種目錄(catalogue of psychotropic drugs)。國(guó)家食藥監(jiān)局曾發(fā)布一份關(guān)于“吸入笑氣”的界定通知,明確標(biāo)注吸入笑氣鎮(zhèn)痛裝置被列為第三類醫(yī)療器械。
“圣安德烈”勛章 the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle
7月4日,國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平在莫斯科克里姆林宮同俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京舉行會(huì)談。會(huì)談后,普京向習(xí)近平授予俄羅斯國(guó)家最高勛章“圣安德烈”勛章。
Noting that China and Russia are good neighbors, friends and partners, Xi told Putin during talks at the Kremlin that the bilateral comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination is in the fundamental interests of the two countries and peoples, which boasts a strong vitality and huge development potential and will be able to withstand the test of international vicissitudes.
習(xí)近平指出,中俄兩國(guó)是好鄰居、好朋友、好伙伴。中俄全面戰(zhàn)略協(xié)作伙伴關(guān)系符合兩國(guó)和兩國(guó)人民根本利益,具有強(qiáng)大生命力和巨大發(fā)展?jié)摿?,?jīng)得起國(guó)際風(fēng)云變幻考驗(yàn)。
Putin presented Xi with the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle, one of Russia's highest honors, for his prominent work in strengthening friendship between the peoples of Russia and China.
普京向習(xí)近平授予俄羅斯國(guó)家最高勛章“圣安德烈”勛章,對(duì)習(xí)近平為增強(qiáng)中俄兩國(guó)人民友誼做出的杰出貢獻(xiàn)致意。
“圣安德烈”勛章(the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle)是俄羅斯的最高勛章(the highest order of the Russian Federation),1698年由彼得一世設(shè)立,1917年,該勛章停用;1998年恢復(fù)使用,是俄羅斯最高榮譽(yù)的象征。
王者榮耀 King of Glory
Tencent's mobile game King of Glory is enjoying phenomenal popularity with over 200 million registered players, 36 million of whom are middle and primary school students.
騰訊手游《王者榮耀》已成為現(xiàn)象級(jí)的流行游戲,目前已有超過2億注冊(cè)用戶。其中,3600萬人是中小學(xué)生。
然而,因?yàn)橥婕胰后w中涉及不少未成年人,時(shí)不時(shí)也有游戲成癮釀成悲劇的情況爆出,因此這款游戲在網(wǎng)上也掀起了不小的爭(zhēng)議。
人民網(wǎng)認(rèn)為,《王者榮耀》給孩子們?cè)斐傻牟涣加绊懹袃蓚€(gè)方面:
一是游戲內(nèi)容架空和虛構(gòu)歷史,扭曲價(jià)值觀和歷史觀;二是過度沉溺讓孩子在精神與身體上被過度消耗。
First, the game's content is a twist of values and historical views. Second, young people's minds and bodies are consumed by their indulgence in the game.
騰訊在官方微信公眾號(hào)刊文,引述《王者榮耀》開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人稱:
王者作為一款游戲產(chǎn)品,游戲設(shè)計(jì)本身是完全符合國(guó)家規(guī)定的(the game’s design fully complied with government requirements),但王者現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是一款國(guó)民游戲,就必須承擔(dān)起對(duì)應(yīng)的責(zé)任。
該負(fù)責(zé)人說:
“雖然目前國(guó)內(nèi)還沒有移動(dòng)游戲防沉迷的明確規(guī)定,但我們決定率先做出一些努力和嘗試……來打消父母的憂慮。”
China does not yet have any guidelines to prevent mobile-gaming addiction, but we decided to take the initiative...and dispel parents’ concerns.
所以,騰訊于7月4日以《王者榮耀》為試點(diǎn),率先推出健康游戲防沉迷系統(tǒng)的“三板斧”(“three broad axes”)。
該系統(tǒng)被稱為中國(guó)游戲行業(yè)有史以來最嚴(yán)格的防沉迷措施(most serious anti-addiction measures in history)。
簡(jiǎn)單來說,這三板斧就是以下一系列措施:
1. 12周歲以下(含12周歲)未成年人每天限玩1小時(shí),并計(jì)劃上線晚上9時(shí)以后禁止登陸功能;
Users 12 years of age and younger are limited to one hour of play a day and will not be permitted to sign in after 9pm.
12周歲以上未成年人每天限玩2小時(shí);
Users between 12 and 18 years of age are limited to two hours per day.
超出時(shí)間的玩家將被游戲強(qiáng)制下線。
Those who play beyond the allotted time period will be forced to go offline.
陸續(xù)增加“未成年人消費(fèi)限額”功能,限制未成年人的非理性消費(fèi)。
Tencent will also place caps on the amount of money that underage users can spend on the platform, so as to rein in minors’ irrational consumption.
2. 升級(jí)成長(zhǎng)守護(hù)平臺(tái),大幅降低操作門檻,家長(zhǎng)只需要簡(jiǎn)單步驟就可以完成綁定,對(duì)未成年人子女的游戲賬號(hào)進(jìn)行健康行為的監(jiān)護(hù)。
Tencent also said it would upgrade a parental control platform to make it easier for parents to monitor their children’s gaming account activities.
3. 強(qiáng)化實(shí)名認(rèn)證體系。
Step up the requirement of real-name registration for all users.
人造太陽 artificial sun
Chinese scientists announced they have set a new world record by achieving 101.2 seconds of steady-state H-mode operation of the tokamak, an experimental device designed to harness the energy of fusion.
我國(guó)科學(xué)家宣布,他們成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了托卡馬克101.2秒穩(wěn)態(tài)高約束運(yùn)行,創(chuàng)造了新的世界紀(jì)錄。托卡馬克是一種旨在利用核聚變能量的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。
The milestone meant China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), dubbed "artificial sun," became the world's first tokamak device to achieve the 100-second-level, Hefei Institute of Physical Science under the Chinese Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.
中科院合肥物質(zhì)科學(xué)研究院5日稱,這一里程碑式事件標(biāo)志著,我國(guó)的"全超導(dǎo)托卡馬克實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置(東方超環(huán))"成為世界首個(gè)運(yùn)行時(shí)間達(dá)到百秒量級(jí)的托卡馬克裝置。東方超環(huán)也被稱作"人造太陽"。
東方超環(huán)(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak,EAST)是世界上第一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)態(tài)高約束模式運(yùn)行持續(xù)時(shí)間達(dá)到百秒量級(jí)的托卡馬克核聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,對(duì)國(guó)際熱核聚變?cè)囼?yàn)堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)計(jì)劃具有重大科學(xué)意義。
ITER計(jì)劃是當(dāng)前世界上規(guī)模最大的國(guó)際核聚變研究科技項(xiàng)目(international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject),也是世界上最大的磁約束等離子體物理實(shí)驗(yàn)(the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment)。ITER計(jì)劃將建造、運(yùn)行一個(gè)可持續(xù)燃燒的托卡馬克型聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)堆(a burning/self-sustaining tokamak nuclear fusion reactor),以驗(yàn)證聚變反應(yīng)堆的工程技術(shù)可行性。
托卡馬克(tokamak)是一種利用磁約束(magnetic confinement)來實(shí)現(xiàn)受控核聚變(controlled thermonuclear fusion power)的環(huán)形容器。它的名字Tokamak 來源于環(huán)形(toroidal)、真空室(kamera)、磁(magnet)、線圈(kotushka),最初是由前蘇聯(lián)物理學(xué)家伊戈?duì)?middot;塔姆等人在20世紀(jì)50年代發(fā)明的。托卡馬克的中央是一個(gè)環(huán)形的真空室,外面纏繞著線圈。在通電的時(shí)候托卡馬克的內(nèi)部會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的螺旋型磁場(chǎng),將其中的等離子體加熱到很高的溫度,以達(dá)到核聚變的目的。
無人智能巡邏艇 unmanned patrol speedboat
The Institute of Intelligent Machines under the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that it has launched the country's first unmanned speedboat to save people from drowning.
中國(guó)科學(xué)院智能機(jī)械研究所近日宣布推出我國(guó)首艘無人快艇,防止人員溺水。
這艘“無人智能巡邏艇”(unmanned patrol speedboat)裝備了攝像頭、GPS導(dǎo)航(GPS navigation)、聲納(sonar detector)等多種高科技設(shè)備,同時(shí)岸上還架設(shè)了20多臺(tái)光學(xué)攝像(optical camera)和熱紅外攝像頭(thermal infrared camera)。識(shí)別到有人進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)水域(dangerous waters),巡邏艇會(huì)鳴笛并用喇叭警告對(duì)方盡快離開,同時(shí)對(duì)進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)水域的人員進(jìn)行定位、計(jì)算溺水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(calculate the risk of drowning),并向值班人員發(fā)送信息。
7月3日下午,合肥市公安局巢湖水上分局在天鵝湖舉行“無人智能巡邏艇”首巡儀式(the craft made its debut recently at swan Lake in Hefei, capital of east China's Anhui province)。據(jù)研發(fā)人員介紹,巡邏艇是充電的(rechargeable),可以確保24小時(shí)在湖面上巡航,白天主要是靠高清攝像頭,晚上則是紅外線攝像頭,識(shí)別范圍在500米以內(nèi)。
AR錄取通知書 AR admission notice
The Northwestern Polytechnical University on Tuesday issued the letter of acceptance using Augmented Reality (AR) technology to students. This is the first AR-enabled university admission notice in China.
4日,西北工業(yè)大學(xué)向?qū)W生發(fā)出了使用增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)(AR)技術(shù)的錄取通知書。這是國(guó)內(nèi)首份啟用AR的大學(xué)錄取通知書。
4日下午,國(guó)內(nèi)第一封AR大學(xué)錄取通知書(AR university admission notice)從位于古城西安的西北工業(yè)大學(xué)發(fā)出,通知書的主人是來自山東的藝術(shù)類考生魏同學(xué)。據(jù)悉,今年西工大在每一份錄取通知書中都嵌入了基于AR技術(shù)的虛擬校園平臺(tái)(embed a virtual campus platform based on AR technology)。
AR技術(shù)可實(shí)時(shí)地計(jì)算攝像頭視角的位置及角度(calculate the position and angle of camera view in real time),并加上相應(yīng)圖像、視頻和3D模型(images, videos and 3D models),將真實(shí)和虛擬世界無縫集成 (seamlessly integrate the physical and virtual worlds)。
據(jù)介紹,收到AR錄取通知書(admission notice, letter of acceptance)的同學(xué),只需完成三步:拿起微信掃一掃,關(guān)注通知書上的"暢玩AR";下載"西工大增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)"應(yīng)用;打開應(yīng)用,掃描通知書正反面(scan the letter, front and back),就能暢快查看校情校史(history of the university)介紹、學(xué)科特色(discipline characteristics)展示等主題內(nèi)容。當(dāng)掃描通知書背面的"航空"、"航天"、"航海"(aviation, space and sailing)標(biāo)志時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)有關(guān)西工大學(xué)校特色的動(dòng)態(tài)展示(dynamic display of the school features)。該校招生辦(admissions office)副主任謝丹表示,AR錄取通知書不僅讓錄取信息"動(dòng)"了起來,更通過新媒體(new media)新技術(shù)使學(xué)校育人工作"活"了起來:用學(xué)生喜聞樂見的方式,提前了創(chuàng)新大門的開啟時(shí)間,豐富了創(chuàng)新基因的傳承渠道。
扶老人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金 risk fund for those who help the elderly
A charity organization in Shenyang, Liaoning, established the country's first risk fund for those kind-hearted people who fall into trouble after going to the assistance of a senior citizen.
近日,遼寧省沈陽市一家慈善組織面向那些因幫助老人而陷入麻煩的好心人,設(shè)立了國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)扶老人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金。
近年來,好心人向老人伸出援手(good Samaritans go to the aid of an elderly person)卻被誣陷為致使老人出事的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?,結(jié)果反遭起訴索賠(be sued for compensation)的事件屢見報(bào)端。老人向好心人訛錢的可恥行為(scandalous behavior of elderly people extorting money from good Samaritans)給社會(huì)帶來了極其不良的影響,使人們不再愿意幫助他人(make people reluctant to help others)。
如今,"扶老人風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基金(risk fund for those who help the elderly)"能為攙扶者提供良好的保護(hù),該基金旨在鼓勵(lì)大眾向那些需要幫助的人伸出援手(encourage the public to extend a helping hand to people in need)。首期基金(initial fund)金額為20萬元,基金時(shí)效至2020年底。任何遇上麻煩的"扶老人者"均可撥打熱線電話(call the hotline),該慈善組織將派工作人員為好心人進(jìn)行調(diào)查取證(investigate the incident and collect evidence),并無償提供法律援助(provide free legal aid)、醫(yī)藥費(fèi)(medical expense)墊付和代為賠償服務(wù),為攙扶老人帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)兜底。
專家表示,盡管人們對(duì)第三方保護(hù)措施表示歡迎,全社會(huì)都應(yīng)培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感和誠(chéng)信意識(shí)(the whole society should cultivate a sense of duty and integrity),避免冤枉好心人(avoid doing wrong to good Samaritans)。此外,政府還應(yīng)完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī)(laws and regulations should be improved),以保護(hù)那些樂于伸出援手的攙扶者。
收費(fèi)公路債券 toll road bond
China will issue local toll road bonds this year to standardize local government's financing for toll roads, according to an official statement released by the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Transport on Wednesday.
根據(jù)財(cái)政部、交通運(yùn)輸部12日發(fā)布的一份官方文件,今年我國(guó)將發(fā)行地方收費(fèi)公路債券,以規(guī)范地方政府的收費(fèi)公路融資行為。
根據(jù)財(cái)政部、交通運(yùn)輸部印發(fā)的《地方政府收費(fèi)公路專項(xiàng)債券管理辦法(試行)》,地方政府收費(fèi)公路(toll road, tollway)專項(xiàng)債券是地方政府專項(xiàng)債券的一個(gè)品種,是指地方政府為發(fā)展政府收費(fèi)公路舉借,以項(xiàng)目對(duì)應(yīng)并納入政府性基金預(yù)算管理的車輛通行費(fèi)收入、專項(xiàng)收入償還的專項(xiàng)債券(special-purpose bond)。
過去地方發(fā)展收費(fèi)公路主要有兩種模式,一種是由社會(huì)投資者運(yùn)用BOT(build-operate-transfer,建設(shè)-經(jīng)營(yíng)-轉(zhuǎn)讓)等經(jīng)營(yíng)性模式建設(shè),另一種是由縣級(jí)以上交通運(yùn)輸部門采用"貸款修路、收費(fèi)還貸(borrow loans from banks for road construction and pay back the loans with toll collections)"模式建設(shè)。隨著地方原有各類交通融資平臺(tái)的政府融資功能被取消,發(fā)行地方政府債券(local government bond)成為地方政府實(shí)施債務(wù)融資新建公路的唯一渠道(the only debt-financing channel for new road construction)。政府收費(fèi)公路(government-operated toll road)"貸款修路、收費(fèi)還貸"模式需要相應(yīng)調(diào)整,改為政府發(fā)行專項(xiàng)債券方式籌措建設(shè)資金。
此次發(fā)布的試行辦法明確,收費(fèi)公路專項(xiàng)債券資金專項(xiàng)用于政府收費(fèi)公路項(xiàng)目建設(shè),優(yōu)先用于國(guó)家高速公路項(xiàng)目建設(shè),重點(diǎn)支持"一帶一路"(Belt and Road Initiative)、京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展(coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)、長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶(Yangtze River Economic Belt)三大戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的政府收費(fèi)公路項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。
無人超市 unmanned supermarket
Domestic e-commerce giant Alibaba opened two grocery stores with no cashiers in Hangzhou recently, following the example of Amazon, which opened its first unmanned supermarket AmazonGo in the US last year.
去年,亞馬遜在美國(guó)開設(shè)其首家無人超市AmazonGo。近日國(guó)內(nèi)電子商務(wù)巨頭阿里巴巴效仿亞馬遜,在杭州開設(shè)了兩家沒有收銀員的雜貨店。
近日,阿里巴巴在杭州開設(shè)了兩家無人超市(unmanned supermarket)。這兩家無人超市采用了生物識(shí)別(biological recognition)和深度學(xué)習(xí)(in-depth learning)等先進(jìn)的數(shù)字支付技術(shù)(advanced digital payment technology)。顧客需要有一個(gè)支付寶賬戶(Alipay account),離開店鋪時(shí)購物消費(fèi)將從其賬戶上自動(dòng)扣除(the payment for their purchases are automatically deducted from their account)。生物識(shí)別技術(shù)將可幫助無人超市識(shí)別出盜竊者和信用記錄較差的消費(fèi)者(consumer with poor credit records)。
無人超市是有望推動(dòng)零售業(yè)發(fā)展的一次革新(an innovation that is expected to promote the development of the retail industry)。它將線上服務(wù)與線下服務(wù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)相結(jié)合(combine the advantages of online and offline service),創(chuàng)造了零售業(yè)的新模式(create a new model for the retail industry),旨在為人們提供更方便高效的購物體驗(yàn)(offer people a more convenient and efficient shopping experience)。
在業(yè)內(nèi)人士看來,無人超市符合零售業(yè)日趨多元化、科技化、時(shí)尚化的大趨勢(shì),但其發(fā)展也面臨著不少痛點(diǎn)。首先中國(guó)沒有自助購物(self-help shopping)的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣,無人店的貨品丟失率、設(shè)備耗損率、店內(nèi)衛(wèi)生等都需要考慮在內(nèi)。此外,目前想要進(jìn)入大部分無人店,消費(fèi)者第一步需要通過微信或支付寶驗(yàn)證身份(verify their identity)。在人口老齡化(aging population)日趨嚴(yán)重的今天,這給年長(zhǎng)的消費(fèi)者順利使用無人便利店(convenience store)設(shè)置了不低的門檻。
鄙視鏈 chain of contempt
Based on the quality, diversity and price of animated series, a so-called "chain of contempt" analysis of the sector went viral on social media. The pyramid-shaped graphic lists Chinese and foreign animation programs in three layers according to popularity.
根據(jù)質(zhì)量、多樣性以及價(jià)格等因素排列的動(dòng)畫片“鄙視鏈”在社交媒體瘋傳。這個(gè)金字塔型的鄙視鏈根據(jù)動(dòng)畫片的受歡迎程度將國(guó)產(chǎn)和外國(guó)動(dòng)畫片分為三個(gè)層級(jí)。
At the top are the most popular cartoons that are not translated into Chinese yet, such as Adventure Time, Bob's Burgers and Bear Bernard. These are followed by cartoons imported from the United States, Europe, South Korea and Japan, including Walt Disney animations, SpongeBob SquarePants and Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends. The Chinese series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf, Boonie Bears and GG Bond ranked at the bottom of the pyramid.
位于金字塔尖的是《探險(xiǎn)活寶》、《開心漢堡店》、《倒霉熊》等最流行、還沒有中文版的動(dòng)畫片,緊隨其后的是《迪士尼》、《海綿寶寶》、《托馬斯小火車》等從歐美、日韓等地引進(jìn)的動(dòng)畫片,《喜羊羊》、《熊出沒》、《豬豬俠》等國(guó)產(chǎn)動(dòng)畫片排在塔底。
“鄙視鏈”(chain of contempt)一詞最早見于南方都市報(bào)2012年4月7日深圳雜志“城市周刊”專題:“在鄙視已經(jīng)變得公然、無畏、無所顧忌的當(dāng)下,似乎不鄙視無以證明自己的優(yōu)秀、高端與成功。你鄙視我,我鄙視他,鄙視食物鏈將消弭的等級(jí)制度再次建構(gòu),豎中指、翻白眼就是隔開自戀、自卑的‘宮墻’。”
如果用英語來表達(dá)的話,chain of contempt is a somewhat linear sequence of links, where each link feels superior to its next link and consequently shows contempt toward it(鄙視鏈從某種意義上說就是不同事物間的線性排列,該序列上的每個(gè)事物都覺得自己比排在后面的事物更高端,因此對(duì)其表現(xiàn)出鄙視的態(tài)度)。
Contempt表示“輕視、蔑視,(對(duì)規(guī)則等)藐視、不顧”的意思,常用的搭配有have contempt for someone/something(鄙視某人/某事),如果有人在法庭上大吵大鬧,法官就可能會(huì)以“藐視法庭罪”(contempt of court)對(duì)其進(jìn)行判罰。
灘長(zhǎng)制 coast chief
Zhejiang province is to appoint coast chiefs to fight pollution and illegal fishing.
浙江省將推行灘長(zhǎng)制來治理污染和非法捕魚。
The provincial government said that the arrangement will take effect on August 7 and by the end of this year all coasts in Zhejiang should have their chiefs.
浙江省政府表示,灘長(zhǎng)制將從8月7日開始實(shí)施,到今年年底,省內(nèi)所有海灘都將實(shí)現(xiàn)灘長(zhǎng)全覆蓋。
灘長(zhǎng)(coast chief)的主要任務(wù)包括全面取締海灘違禁漁具、“三無”漁船(imposing a comprehensive ban on illegal fishing gears and unlicensed fishing boats),加強(qiáng)入海排污口和農(nóng)藥清灘行為監(jiān)管(strengthening supervision on waste and pesticide discharged into the sea),加強(qiáng)非法占用海灘( illegal use of coasts)、非法修、造、拆船舶監(jiān)管(illegal ship building, repairing and recycling),加強(qiáng)岸線管理和整治修復(fù)(shoreline management and renovation)。
浙江省海洋與漁業(yè)局相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人表示,海灘管理涉及海洋資源保護(hù)(marine resources conservation)、海陸水環(huán)境治理(land and sea water environment management)、海灘使用管理等,是一項(xiàng)范圍廣、領(lǐng)域多、變動(dòng)大的復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。
職務(wù)犯罪 work-related crime
A total of 30,538 Chinese officials were investigated for work-related crimes in the first half of 2017, according to a seminar for chief procurators on Wednesday.
12日,全國(guó)大檢察官研討班會(huì)議表示,今年上半年,全國(guó)立案?jìng)刹槁殑?wù)犯罪人數(shù)達(dá)30538人。
職務(wù)犯罪(work-related crime/duty crime)是指國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、國(guó)有公司、企業(yè)事業(yè)單位、人民團(tuán)體工作人員利用已有職權(quán),貪污(corruption)、賄賂(bribery)、徇私舞弊(playing favoritism and committing irregularities)、濫用職權(quán)(abusing authority)、玩忽職守(dereliction of duty),侵犯公民權(quán)利(infringing civil rights),破壞國(guó)家對(duì)公務(wù)活動(dòng)的規(guī)章規(guī)范,依照刑法應(yīng)當(dāng)予以刑事處罰的犯罪。
今年1到6月,除北京、山西、浙江三個(gè)試點(diǎn)地區(qū)外,其他29個(gè)省份立案?jìng)刹樨澪圪V賂、瀆職侵權(quán)等職務(wù)犯罪30538人,同比上升19.6%。其中原縣處級(jí)干部(officials on county level)1505人、原廳局級(jí)干(officials on bureau level)224人。
在扶貧領(lǐng)域查處職務(wù)犯罪(duty crimes in poverty alleviation work)1650人,同比上升81.7%;突出查處重大責(zé)任事故背后的職務(wù)犯罪(work-related crimes that led to accidents with serious consequences)495人。在職務(wù)犯罪國(guó)際追逃追贓專項(xiàng)工作(campaign to hunt down fleeing fugitives implicated in duty-related crimes)方面,已有39個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)遣返、勸返外逃職務(wù)犯罪嫌疑人(suspects who were repatriated or persuaded to return to China)174人,其中“百名紅通人員”28人。
共享床鋪 shared sleep cabin
Following shared bikes, shared umbrellas and shared chargers, the sharing economy has welcomed a new player:shared sleep cabins, although its future looks uncertain.
繼共享單車、共享雨傘、共享充電器之后,共享經(jīng)濟(jì)又迎來了一個(gè)新模式:共享床鋪,不過,該模式前景尚不明朗。
“共享床鋪”(shared sleep cabin)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)約2米、寬約1米的外形類似太空艙的睡眠艙(sleep capsule),正確的叫法是“共享自助休息艙”,艙內(nèi)可調(diào)節(jié)燈光,還配備USB接口、充電口、免費(fèi)Wi-Fi、插座等,有小型換氣扇,但沒有空調(diào)。
用戶可通過掃描二維碼(scan a QR code),打開艙門,點(diǎn)擊“解鎖艙門”可以暫時(shí)離開也可以結(jié)束入住,一次性寢具(disposable bedding kit)(包括太空毯blanket、一次性床單bedsheet、一次性枕巾pillow cover 、濕紙巾wet tissue)等均由租客自取。
在北京、上海和成都試運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間后,三地的體驗(yàn)店于7月18日關(guān)停進(jìn)行技術(shù)整改(technical overhaul),“享睡空間”總負(fù)責(zé)人代建功表示,借這個(gè)關(guān)門的時(shí)機(jī),把系統(tǒng)升級(jí)了,身份認(rèn)證和支付系統(tǒng)也完善一下(improve the ID verification and payment system),也跟主管部門進(jìn)一步溝通。如果不能讓消費(fèi)者滿意,也不能達(dá)到政府的監(jiān)管要求,肯定不會(huì)正式大規(guī)模地推出這個(gè)產(chǎn)品。
合拍片 co-production
China Central Television (CCTV) has announced a deal with toy manufacturer Hasbro to produce an animation featuring the Transformers together with the Chinese mythological character, Nezha.
中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)宣布與美國(guó)玩具制造商孩之寶達(dá)成合作協(xié)議,將制作以變形金剛和中國(guó)神話人物哪吒為主角的動(dòng)畫片。
“合拍片”在英語里通常都用co-production來表示,此次制作將中國(guó)的神話人物哪吒與美國(guó)的流行文化形象變形金剛相結(jié)合,其實(shí)也可以叫做crossover,即“兩種不同風(fēng)格的混合、融合”。
The Beijinger網(wǎng)站在報(bào)道這個(gè)新聞的時(shí)候就是這樣說的:
You've enjoyed them separately but battling robots and Chinese mythology will finally meet-up in the ultimate crossover as state broadcaster CCTV and toy maker Hasbro have agreed to collaborate on a cartoon that will feature the Transformers and Nezha, a popular Chinese mythological character.
哪吒和變形金剛你都喜歡,不過現(xiàn)在,驍勇善戰(zhàn)的汽車人和中國(guó)的神話人物哪吒終于要在一部終極融合大戲中碰面了。中央電視臺(tái)和玩具制造商孩之寶已經(jīng)達(dá)成協(xié)議要共同制作一部以變形金剛和中國(guó)神話人物哪吒的動(dòng)畫片。
雙方就制作規(guī)格(production standards)、播出時(shí)間(air date)、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬(IP ownership)、法律事務(wù)(legal affairs)等方面達(dá)成共識(shí)。雙方還表示,期待建立更加穩(wěn)固的戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系(strategic partnership),深度挖掘經(jīng)典動(dòng)畫IP的品牌價(jià)值(explore brand value of classic cartoons),進(jìn)一步激發(fā)既有動(dòng)畫IP的品牌活力(further stimulate vitality of existing cartoons)。
中印邊境 China-India border
The Ministry of Defense has demanded India immediately withdraw its military from Chinese territory, warning its leaders not to leave things to luck or have unrealistic expectations.
國(guó)防部要求印方立即將越界的邊防人員撤回,提醒印方,不要心存僥幸,不要抱著不切實(shí)際的幻想。
6月中旬,中方在洞朗地區(qū)道路施工(road construction at Doklam area)時(shí),遭到印軍越線阻攔。洞朗地區(qū)是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土,中方在自己領(lǐng)土上進(jìn)行正常的修路活動(dòng),這是中國(guó)的主權(quán)行為,完全正當(dāng)合法。印方公然派軍隊(duì)越過雙方承認(rèn)的邊界線進(jìn)入中國(guó)境內(nèi)(the Indian military crossed the mutually recognized section of the China-India border),其行為嚴(yán)重?fù)p害中國(guó)主權(quán)、嚴(yán)重違反了國(guó)際法基本準(zhǔn)則(India's actions had severely infringed China's sovereignty and the basic principles of international laws)。
吳謙表示,中方捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的決心和意志堅(jiān)定不移,將不惜一切代價(jià)維護(hù)自己的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和安全利益(China will resolutely protect its territorial sovereignty, and will spare no effort in maintaining its sovereignty and security interests)。中國(guó)邊防部隊(duì)已在現(xiàn)地采取緊急應(yīng)對(duì)措施,并將進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)針對(duì)性部署和訓(xùn)練(Chinese border troops have begun emergency measures, and will strengthen specific training and deployment)。
他提醒印方,不要心存僥幸,不要抱著不切實(shí)際的幻想。中國(guó)人民解放軍建軍90年的歷史證明了一點(diǎn),那就是我們捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整的能力手段不斷增強(qiáng),決心意志堅(jiān)定不移(The People's Liberation Army's 90 years of history is testimony to China's capabilities in protecting its sovereignty and its unshakable resolve)。撼山易,撼解放軍難(It might be easier to shake the mountains than shake the PLA)。
懸掛式單軌列車 mounted monorail train
Chinese rail car manufacturer CRRC Qingdao Sifang has unveiled a prototype of a mounted monorail train with a maximum operating speed of 70 kilometers per hour, the fastest of its kind in China.
國(guó)內(nèi)最高速的懸掛式單軌列車日前在青島中車四方下線,最高運(yùn)行時(shí)速為70公里。
懸掛式單軌列車(mounted monorail train),又被稱為空軌或空中列車(sky train),是一種輕型、中速、中運(yùn)量、低成本的新型公共交通方式(new mode of transportation featuring light weight, moderate speed, medium capacity and low manufacturing cost)。
這款懸掛式單軌車輛爬坡能力強(qiáng)(strong climbing ability),最大爬坡能力達(dá)到100‰(列車前行1000米后高度上升100米),是普通地鐵車輛爬坡能力三倍以上,可在地形崎嶇陡峭的山區(qū)靈活運(yùn)行,并保證具有較高安全性和舒適度,載客量(passenger capacity)可達(dá)到300至510余人。
懸掛式單軌列車的軌道在車的正上方,行駛中既不受雨雪天氣影響,也不會(huì)有脫軌風(fēng)險(xiǎn),列車有多種主被動(dòng)安全裝置,如全車監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)(whole-train monitoring system)、蓄電池救援(battery rescue)和聯(lián)掛救援(coupling rescue)等。
另外,懸掛式單軌列車軌道曲線半徑小,占用地面空間少,拆遷工程量可顯著降低,節(jié)約成本投入,僅為地鐵成本的三分之一。相對(duì)于地面有軌電車(tram),懸掛車避開了與地面車輛混行問題,具有安全、準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)、載客能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì)(advantage of safety, punctuality and high passenger capacity)。
現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度 modern hospital management system
China should establish a "modern hospital management system" that adheres to putting people's health at the center and adheres to the nonprofit nature of public hospitals and putting the public's interest as a priority, the guideline said.
《意見》指出,我國(guó)應(yīng)建立一個(gè)以人民健康為中心、堅(jiān)持公立醫(yī)院的公益性、把社會(huì)效益放在首位的現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度。
《意見》指出,現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度(modern hospital management system)是中國(guó)特色基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生制度(basic medical and healthcare system with Chinese characteristics)的重要組成部分。建立現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度,要堅(jiān)持以人民健康為中心,堅(jiān)持公立醫(yī)院的公益性,堅(jiān)持政事分開(government functions separated from institution functions)、管辦分開(supervision separated from day-to-day operations),堅(jiān)持分類指導(dǎo),鼓勵(lì)探索創(chuàng)新,把社會(huì)效益放在首位,實(shí)行所有權(quán)與經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分離,實(shí)現(xiàn)醫(yī)院治理體系和管理能力現(xiàn)代化(modernization of hospital management system and capability)。
《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》提出:加快公立醫(yī)院改革。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)辦醫(yī),優(yōu)先支持舉辦非營(yíng)利性醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。允許醫(yī)師多點(diǎn)執(zhí)業(yè),允許民辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)納入醫(yī)保定點(diǎn)范圍(Speed the reform of public hospitals. Encourage private investment in the medical sector and prioritize supporting nonprofit hospitals run by private investors. Allow doctors to have a license to work in more than one hospital. Allow medical insurance to cover private hospitals)。
今年的《政府工作報(bào)告》中也對(duì)公立醫(yī)院改革提出了具體要求:深化醫(yī)療、醫(yī)保、醫(yī)藥聯(lián)動(dòng)改革。全面推開公立醫(yī)院綜合改革,全部取消藥品加成,協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)醫(yī)療價(jià)格、人事薪酬、藥品流通、醫(yī)保支付方式等改革(We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry. We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment)。
富豪消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù) Luxury Consumer Price Index
Luxury Consumer Price Index (LCPI) in China saw an accumulated rise of 81.7 percent over the past 10 years, more than doubling the growth rate of nationwide Consumer Price Index (CPI), according to a Hurun report released on Wednesday.
26日胡潤(rùn)研究院發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示,過去十年,我國(guó)富豪消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)累計(jì)上漲了81.7%,是消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)(CPI)漲幅的兩倍多。
富豪消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)(Luxury Consumer Price Index,LCPI)是度量富豪生活消費(fèi)品價(jià)格水平隨著時(shí)間變動(dòng)的相對(duì)數(shù),綜合反映富豪購買的生活消費(fèi)品價(jià)格水平的變動(dòng)情況(change in the prices paid by luxury consumers for luxury goods and services)。2017富豪消費(fèi)價(jià)格指數(shù)涵蓋富豪生活消費(fèi)的房產(chǎn)(property)、健康(healthcare)、教育(education)、旅游(travel)等11 大類,116個(gè)與高品質(zhì)生活方式相關(guān)的商品價(jià)格,對(duì)比了它們?cè)诮衲?月與去年6月的市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。
從品類來看,豪宅(luxury property)價(jià)格繼去年上漲13%之后今年依然達(dá)到各品類最高漲幅,達(dá)16.6%。休閑生活(leisure entertainment)繼去年回升一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)之后,總體上漲6.1%。游艇和飛機(jī)(yachts and jets)繼去年回升一個(gè)百分點(diǎn)之后,今年擴(kuò)大漲幅,上漲4.4%。高檔煙酒(high-end liquor and tobacco)價(jià)格連續(xù)兩年下降之后,今年回升2.6%。名校教育(top school education)的價(jià)格持續(xù)十一年上漲,但今年漲幅不明顯,只有1.2%。手表和珠寶(watch and jewelry)繼去年整體上漲3.9%之后今年小幅上漲1.1%。高檔汽車(luxury car)價(jià)格連續(xù)兩年下降之后,今年回升1%。奢侈品配飾和護(hù)膚品(luxury accessories and cosmetic products)價(jià)格繼去年總體上升2.9%之后今年幾乎無變化,漲幅為0.2%?;閼c和健康品類(wedding and healthcare products)首次下降,降幅分別為3.6%和3.5%。奢華旅游(luxury travel)繼去年上漲5%之后,今年小幅下降0.9%。
灰犀牛 grey rhino
“灰犀牛”(grey rhino)這一概念是由美國(guó)學(xué)者、古根海姆學(xué)者獎(jiǎng)得主米歇爾•渥克(Michele Wucker)于2013年1月在達(dá)沃斯全球論壇上提出的,在她所著的《灰犀牛:如何應(yīng)對(duì)大概率危機(jī)(The Gray Rhino: How to Recognise and Act on the Obvious Dangers We Ignore)》一書中,她提出,“灰犀牛就是指概率極大、沖擊力極強(qiáng)卻被忽視的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(a highly probable, high impact yet neglected threat):一個(gè)我們應(yīng)該意識(shí)到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),就像是一頭兩噸重的犀牛,把牛角對(duì)準(zhǔn)我們?nèi)傧蛭覀児?rdquo;。
比黑天鵝更可怕的“灰犀牛”到底是啥?
Grey rhinos are not random surprises, but problems that break out after a series of warnings and visible evidence. When the grey rhino attacks, its power is explosive and unstoppable.
灰犀牛不是隨機(jī)的突發(fā)事件,而是一系列預(yù)警和明顯征兆之后爆發(fā)出來的問題?;蚁Ru擊時(shí),極具爆發(fā)力,且不可阻擋。
米歇爾•渥克曾經(jīng)在采訪中給出的一個(gè)典型的忽視灰犀牛的例子就是柯達(dá)。
Kodak had ignored the unstoppable trend of digital photography and was too focused on its existing business. As a result, it missed the opportunity of being good at making what was about to come next.
柯達(dá)忽視了數(shù)碼攝影技術(shù)不可阻擋的潮流,而一心專注于現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)。結(jié)果,他們錯(cuò)過了在新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域脫穎而出的機(jī)會(huì)。
那么,中國(guó)面臨的“灰犀牛”是什么呢?
2017年7月27日,國(guó)務(wù)院新聞辦新聞發(fā)布廳舉行新聞發(fā)布會(huì),請(qǐng)中央財(cái)經(jīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室副主任楊偉民和發(fā)展改革委、統(tǒng)計(jì)局有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)同志介紹當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì),并答記者問。
中央財(cái)經(jīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室經(jīng)濟(jì)一局局長(zhǎng)王志軍對(duì)中國(guó)面臨的“灰犀牛”風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做了解釋:
對(duì)存在的“灰犀牛”風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患,如影子銀行(shadow banking)、房地產(chǎn)泡沫(housing market bubble)、國(guó)有企業(yè)高杠桿(high leverage ratio of the State-owned enterprises)、地方債務(wù)(local debt)、違法違規(guī)集資(illegal fund-raising)等問題,要摸清情況,區(qū)分輕重緩急和影響程度,突出重點(diǎn),采取有效措施,妥善加以解決。
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