兩會(huì)前瞻：這十個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)熱詞值得關(guān)注

2018年全年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值900309億元，按可比價(jià)格計(jì)算，比上年增長(zhǎng)6.6%，實(shí)現(xiàn)了6.5%左右的預(yù)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)。2019年是新中國成立70周年，是決勝全面建成小康社會(huì)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵之年。

今年全國兩會(huì)期間，以下這些經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域熱詞或?qū)⒊蔀榇砦瘑T們熱議的話題。

GDP growth 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)

As an overall indicator of economic expansion, China's GDP growth target has been set unchanged at around 6.5 percent for two consecutive years from 2017 to 2018. On the provincial level, the majority of China's local governments have lowered the number this year, while over ten provincial regions set the target within a range.

作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的總體指標(biāo)，中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)從2017年到2018年已經(jīng)連續(xù)兩年保持在6.5%。在省一級(jí)的層面，大部分省份都降低了今年的增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期，有10多個(gè)省將增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)設(shè)定在一個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況 economic situation

GDP核算 GDP calculation

核心指標(biāo) core indicator

高質(zhì)量發(fā)展 high-quality development

工業(yè)產(chǎn)出 industrial output

增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量 growth quality

Fiscal deficit 財(cái)政赤字

China lowered its 2018 fiscal deficit target, one major part of fiscal policy, to 2.6 percent of its GDP, down from the 3-percent level in 2016 and 2017. The government has vowed to maintain a proactive fiscal policy and further expand issuance of special-purpose local government bonds.

財(cái)政赤字是財(cái)政政策的重要組成部分，2018年我國的財(cái)政赤字目標(biāo)由2016和2017年占GDP3%下調(diào)為2.6%。中央政府已經(jīng)宣布要保持積極的財(cái)政政策，進(jìn)一步增發(fā)地方政府專項(xiàng)債券。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

稅收激勵(lì) tax incentive

減稅降費(fèi) cut taxes and administrative fees

房產(chǎn)稅 property tax

免稅 tax exemption

Tax reduction 減稅

China has been committed to cutting taxes and fees for enterprises and employees in recent years in a bid to boost investment and consumption. Total taxes and fee cuts reached about 1.3 trillion yuan last year.

近幾年，我國一直致力于對(duì)企業(yè)和個(gè)人減稅降費(fèi)，以促進(jìn)投資和消費(fèi)。去年減稅降費(fèi)總額達(dá)1.3萬億元。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

增值稅 value-added tax

企業(yè)所得稅 enterprise income tax

免稅 tax exemption

減稅 tax reduction, tax cut

收入分配 distribution of income

避稅地 tax haven

Monetary stance 貨幣政策

The annual Central Economic Work Conference said China will keep the prudent monetary policy "neither too tight nor too loose" this year while maintaining market liquidity at a reasonably ample level.

中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議表示，今年我國將繼續(xù)保持審慎的貨幣政策，要松緊適度，保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

定向降準(zhǔn) targeted RRR cut

注入流動(dòng)性 inject liquidity

貨幣政策工具 monetary policy tools

公開市場(chǎng)操作 open market operation, OMO

逆回購 reverse repurchase agreement, reverse repo

Job creation 創(chuàng)造就業(yè)

Employment comes first in the six fields the country aims to stabilize in 2019. China first set the goal of surveyed urban unemployment rate in government work report in 2018. Over 13 million urban jobs were created last year, beating the official target of 11 million.

穩(wěn)就業(yè)是我國2019年做好“六穩(wěn)”工作的首要任務(wù)。2018年政府工作報(bào)告中首次設(shè)定了城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率的目標(biāo)。去年共創(chuàng)造城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)崗位1300萬個(gè)，超出了官方設(shè)定的1100萬目標(biāo)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新 mass entrepreneurship and innovation

就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè) employment and entrepreneurship

慢就業(yè) delayed employment

自由職業(yè)者 freelancer

自主創(chuàng)業(yè) self-employment

就業(yè)壓力 employment pressure

Poverty alleviation 扶貧

As one of the country's "three tough battles," reducing poverty is expected to accelerate this year to achieve the goal of lifting all its rural residents living below current poverty line out of poverty and eliminate poverty in all poor counties and regions by 2020. China still had 16.6 million poor people by the end of 2018.

作為“三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)”之一，今年的扶貧步伐或?qū)⒓涌?，以?shí)現(xiàn)到2020年確保現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下農(nóng)村貧困人口實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽的目標(biāo)。截止2018年底，我國還有1660萬貧困人口。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

精準(zhǔn)扶貧 targeted poverty alleviation

強(qiáng)制式扶貧 compulsory poverty relief

脫貧 get out of poverty/get rid of poverty/be lifted out of poverty

貧困線 poverty threshold/poverty line/poverty limit

易地扶貧搬遷 relocating the poor

扶貧基金 poverty alleviation funds

開發(fā)式扶貧 development-orientated poverty reduction

Trade growth 貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)

China's foreign trade grew at a pace of 9.7 percent year on year in 2018. Greater efforts will be made to increase imports and exports, push for a more diversified export market, and cut institutional costs of importing procedures, according to the Central Economic Work Conference.

2018年，我國的外貿(mào)同比增長(zhǎng)9.7%。中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議指出，要擴(kuò)大進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易，推動(dòng)出口市場(chǎng)多元化，削減進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)制度性成本。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

區(qū)域合作 regional cooperation

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) economic growth

區(qū)域一體化 regional integration

營商環(huán)境 business environment

自由貿(mào)易港 free trade port

Property market 房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)

This is one of the most popular "two sessions" topics based on a recent online survey. A string of management policies has helped stabilize housing prices, official data showed. The government has called for a long-term mechanism to maintain the sound development of the real estate market and adhering to the principle that "housing is for living in, not speculation."

最近的在線調(diào)查顯示，房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)是最受關(guān)注的兩會(huì)話題之一。官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，一系列管理政策的實(shí)施已經(jīng)使房?jī)r(jià)趨于平穩(wěn)。政府呼吁出臺(tái)能夠幫助房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)健康發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，堅(jiān)持“房子是用來住的，不是用來炒的”。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

首付 down payment

按揭貸款 mortgage

房產(chǎn)估值 assessed value

預(yù)售條款 due-on-sale provision

固定利率貸款 fixed-rate mortgage

房屋限購 purchase limits for real estate

Science and technology innovation board 科創(chuàng)板

The sci-tech board, as well as experiment of registration-based IPOs, are expected to be a highlight of China's capital market reforms this year. Preparation has been in high gear since its proposal last November. It is expected to be rolled out as early as the first half of this year.

科創(chuàng)板和股票發(fā)行注冊(cè)制將是今年我國資本市場(chǎng)改革的重點(diǎn)。自去年11月提出以來，各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)在迅速推進(jìn)。最早有望在今年上半年推出。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

滬港通 Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect

跨境資金流動(dòng) cross-border capital flow

績(jī)優(yōu)股 blue chip

成長(zhǎng)股 growth stock

交易所交易基金 Exchange Traded Fund, ETF

期貨 futures

退市 delisting

上市公司 listed companies

外資 foreign capital

Foreign investment 外商投資

A draft of China's foreign investment law will be submitted to the upcoming annual session of the top legislature, National People's Congress. Once adopted, it will help China attract more foreign investment and better protect foreign investors' legitimate rights and interests.

今年全國人大會(huì)議期間，《外商投資法(草案)》將提交人大審議。如果通過，該法將會(huì)吸引更多外國投資，更好地保護(hù)外國投資者的合法權(quán)益。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

投資環(huán)境 investment environment

貿(mào)易便利化 trade facilitation

貿(mào)易自由化 trade liberalization

浮動(dòng)匯率體系 floating exchange rate system