民政部：“只生不養(yǎng)”，這樣的父母將被追責

近日，12部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于進一步加強事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童保障工作的意見》。民政部表示，我國將從2020年1月1日起，全面實施事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童保障制度。

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Jointly issued by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Supreme People's Court and 10 other departments, the guideline defined children with both parents serving prison terms, undergoing compulsory drug rehabilitation or restriction of personal freedom as de facto orphans. This puts them in the same category as children who have sick, disabled parents or parents who have been declared missing. If one of a child's parents is under the aforementioned conditions and the other parent is dead or missing, the child can also be identified as a de facto orphan.

由民政部、最高法以及其他10個部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布的意見對事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童(即通常所說的“事實孤兒”)的定義為：父母雙方均符合重殘、重病、服刑在押、強制隔離戒毒、被執(zhí)行其他限制人身自由的措施、失聯(lián)情形之一的兒童;或者父母一方死亡或失蹤，另一方符合重殘、重病、服刑在押、強制隔離戒毒、被執(zhí)行其他限制人身自由的措施、失聯(lián)情形之一的兒童。

【單詞講解】

Serve prison terms就是“服刑”的意思，serve這個詞最基本的意思是“服務(wù)”，引申開來就有“服役、任職、招待”等意思，比如美劇里時常會有個壯漢說：I served in Afghanistan.(我曾經(jīng)在阿富汗服役。)或者，serve the interests of all the people(符合所有人的利益)。在網(wǎng)球和羽毛球比賽中，serve則表示“發(fā)球”，可用作動詞或名詞，比如：Whose turn is it to serve?(該誰發(fā)球了?)Federer's serve is unbeatable.(費德勒的發(fā)球無人能敵。)

這是我國首次就加強“事實孤兒”保障工作出臺專門意見。《意見》重點解決四個方面的突出問題。

一是強化基本生活保障(basic living allowances)。明確對事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童發(fā)放基本的生活補貼。

二是加強醫(yī)療康復保障(medical relief programs)。對符合條件的事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童按規(guī)定實施醫(yī)療救助。

三是完善教育資助的救助(assistance for schooling)。將事實無人撫養(yǎng)兒童參照孤兒納入教育資助的范圍，享受相應(yīng)的政策待遇，優(yōu)先納入國家資助政策體系和教育的幫扶體系。

四是督促落實監(jiān)護的責任(responsibility of children's guardians)。要求依法打擊故意或者惡意不履行監(jiān)護職責等各類侵害兒童權(quán)益的違法犯罪行為。

The document also warned of punishments if parents with childrearing capacity pretend they don't have the capability with the aim of defrauding government welfare for their children. The guideline said law enforcement officers can revoke guardianship of parents defrauding child welfare, and civil affairs authorities can charge those parents child-rearing fees.

《意見》提出，對采取虛報、隱瞞、偽造等手段騙取保障資金、物資或服務(wù)的父母及其他監(jiān)護人采取懲戒，執(zhí)法部門應(yīng)當依法撤銷監(jiān)護人監(jiān)護資格。明確對有能力履行撫養(yǎng)義務(wù)而拒不撫養(yǎng)的父母，民政部門可依法追索撫養(yǎng)費。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

未成年人權(quán)益 minor's rights and interests

未成年人身心健康 physical and mental health of youngsters

校園欺凌 school bullying

撫養(yǎng)能力 childrearing capacity