新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)詳解第61課:Trouble with the Hubble

Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的困境

First listen and then answer the question.

聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。

What is the special importance of a telescope in space?

The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.

New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)

Hubble n. 哈勃

telescope n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡

launch v. 發(fā)射

space n. 空間

NASA n.(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 國(guó)家航空和航天局

billion n. 10億

faulty adj. 有錯(cuò)誤的

astronaut n. 宇航員

shuttle n. 航天飛機(jī)

Endeavour n. “奮進(jìn)”號(hào)

robot-arm n. 機(jī)器手

grab v. 抓

atmosphere n. 大氣層

distant adj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的

galaxy n. 星系

universe n. 宇宙

eagle eye 鷹眼

參考譯文

哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡于1990年4月20日由國(guó)家航空航天局發(fā)射升空，耗資10多億美元。從最開(kāi)始哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡就有問(wèn)題。它傳送給我們的圖像很令人失望，因?yàn)樗闹饕R子有誤差。國(guó)家航天局準(zhǔn)備糾正這一錯(cuò)誤，為此將把4名宇航員送入太空修復(fù)望遠(yuǎn)鏡。“奮進(jìn)”號(hào)航天飛機(jī)將把宇航員送上哈勃。當(dāng)宇航員進(jìn)行必要的修復(fù)工作時(shí)，“奮進(jìn)”號(hào)上的一只機(jī)器手將抓住望遠(yuǎn)鏡并托住它。當(dāng)然，哈勃位于地球的大氣層之外，因此，它很快就會(huì)給我們傳送我們所見(jiàn)到過(guò)的、有關(guān)行星和遠(yuǎn)距離星系的最清晰的照片。哈勃將告訴我們有關(guān)宇宙的年齡和大小的許多事情。等到你讀到這篇文章時(shí)，敏銳的哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡已經(jīng)為我們送來(lái)了成千上萬(wàn)張精彩的照片。

自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀

1.at a cost of,造價(jià)為……，耗資，以……的價(jià)格/費(fèi)用。

He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of ￡10,000.

他剛為他的家庭蓋了一座新房子，耗資1萬(wàn)英鎊。

2.Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. 從最開(kāi)始哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡就有問(wèn)題。

(1)start為名詞，表示“開(kāi)始”、“開(kāi)端”，from the start表示“從開(kāi)始時(shí)”，副詞right起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用：

He didn't want to work at the firm(right) from the start.

他從最開(kāi)始就不想在這家公司上班。

(2)trouble在這里指“(機(jī)器等的)故障”、“問(wèn)題”：

There is (engine) trouble with my car.

我的汽車(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))有問(wèn)題。

(3)the Hubble代指 the Hubble telescope。由于上下文中沒(méi)有其他以 Hubble命名的東西，前面又提到過(guò)一次Hubble telescope,所以用 the Hubble既簡(jiǎn)潔又不會(huì)引起誤解。

3.NASA is now going to put the telescope right…國(guó)家航天局準(zhǔn)備糾正這一錯(cuò)誤……

put right表示“修好(故障等)”、“校正”、“糾正”等：

Have you put the watch/clock right?

你把表/鐘對(duì)好了嗎?

Remember to put the lights right tomorrow.

明天記得把燈修好。

4.…the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.……哈勃位于地球的大氣層之外，因此，它很快就會(huì)給我們傳送我們所見(jiàn)到過(guò)的、有關(guān)恒星和遠(yuǎn)距離星系的最清晰的照片。

(1)關(guān)系從句that we have ever seen修飾pictures。

(2)由于哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡位于大氣層之外，它照相便不受大氣的阻擋，因此照片清晰。

(3)形容詞最高級(jí)后面的關(guān)系從句常用…ever heard, met, read,seen等完成式：

This is the longest book (that) I have ever read.

這是我所看過(guò)的書(shū)中最長(zhǎng)的一部。

Ian is the most interesting man (that/whom) I have ever met.

伊恩是我所遇見(jiàn)的最有趣的人。

5.…the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.……敏銳的哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡將已經(jīng)為我們送來(lái)了成千上萬(wàn)張精彩的照片。

(1)eagle eye的含義是“鷹眼”、“銳利目光”：

His father's eagle eye is always on him.

他父親的銳利目光總是盯著他。

(2)在表示“幾千”、“數(shù)千”、“許許多多”、“成千上萬(wàn)”這些數(shù)字概念時(shí)可用thousands(of…):

There are hundreds of thousands/thousands and thou

sands of cars in this city.

這座城市里有成千上萬(wàn)輛汽車。

語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(The future perfect progressive tense)與其他形式的將來(lái)時(shí)

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成： will have been+現(xiàn)在分詞

(1)在第13課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。它表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或表示計(jì)劃好的事。它不像一般將來(lái)時(shí)中的will,不表達(dá)“蓄意為之”的含義，只陳述將來(lái)的事實(shí)：

They will be arriving here tomorrow.

他們明天就要到達(dá)此地。

在第37課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了將來(lái)完成時(shí)。它用于表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，必須和某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：

Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.

工人們將在今年年底前把新路鋪好。

(2)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某種狀況一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間：

By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years.

到下星期此刻，我就已經(jīng)為這家公司工作了20年了。

在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)(cf.第60課語(yǔ)法)：

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1.cost(n.), price(n.)與value(n.)

cost和price都可以表示“價(jià)格”、“價(jià)錢(qián)”，但price側(cè)重于指某個(gè)具體東西或商品的價(jià)錢(qián)，cost側(cè)重指某項(xiàng)服務(wù)、工程等的費(fèi)用：

What's the price of the dress, please?

請(qǐng)問(wèn)這件衣服多少錢(qián)?(詢問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)時(shí)，price與what連用，不用 how much)

They built the bridge at a cost of over ￡600,000.

他們?cè)爝@座橋的費(fèi)用是六十多萬(wàn)英鎊。

cost的復(fù)數(shù)表示“成本”：

I don't know the costs of these cars.

我不知道這些車的成本是多少。

price的復(fù)數(shù)表示“物價(jià)”：

Prices are going up again.

物價(jià)又上漲了。

value可以表示抽象的價(jià)值或重要性：

This book is of great value to me.

這本書(shū)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)很有價(jià)值/重要。

This newspaper has little value.

這份報(bào)紙沒(méi)什么價(jià)值。

value的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“價(jià)值觀”：

His values are different from those of mine.

他的價(jià)值觀與我的不一樣。

2.cost(v.), price(v.)與value(v.)

cost為及物動(dòng)詞，表示“價(jià)錢(qián)為”、“(使)花費(fèi)”(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))：

The new car cost him ￡5,000.

那輛新車花了他5,000英鎊。

How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space?

將哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)射升空花費(fèi)了多少錢(qián)?

price作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中表示“問(wèn)……的價(jià)錢(qián)”、“查明/查詢……的價(jià)格”：

They priced cars for two days before they bought one.他們?cè)谠儐?wèn)了兩天車價(jià)后才買(mǎi)了一輛車。

price還可以表示“給……定價(jià)/標(biāo)價(jià)”：

The dress is priced at ￡50, but you can have it at ￡40.這件衣服標(biāo)價(jià)為50英鎊，不過(guò)你可以花40英鎊買(mǎi)下它。value作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“尊重”、“重視”等：

If you don't value my advice, I'll speak no more.如果你不重視我的建議，那我就什么也不再說(shuō)了。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案

1 cost 2 price 3 value 4 cost 5 value 6 priced 7 cost

2.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案

1 b 2 a 3 c 4 c 5 a 6 d

7 c 8 a 9 b 10 b 11 d 12 d

【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)

★Hubble　n. 哈勃

★telescope　n. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡

★launch　v. 發(fā)射

★space　n. 空間

指宇宙空間

room 空間，不可數(shù)

Could you make room for me?

★NASA　n.(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 國(guó)家航空和航天局

★billion　n. 10億

★faulty　adj. 有錯(cuò)誤的

fault n.錯(cuò)誤

★astronaut　n. 宇航員

★shuttle　n. 航天飛機(jī)

★Endeavour　n. “奮進(jìn)”號(hào)

★robot-arm　n. 機(jī)器手

★grab　v. 抓

★atmosphere　n. 大氣層

atmosphere 氛圍

Eg.:I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental School for its good atmosphere.

★distant　adj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的

★galaxy　n. 星系

★universe　n. 宇宙

★eagle eye　鷹眼

科普性文章結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，句式單一，單詞教難

學(xué)會(huì)邏輯閱讀

at a ost of 花費(fèi)

Hubble

telescope

Hubble telescope 在句中做主語(yǔ)

was launched 動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)

NASA (單詞縮寫(xiě))組織或者機(jī)構(gòu)

there was trouble with the Hubble

there be 句型

trouble with 關(guān)于...有麻煩

what's the trouble with you?

start 開(kāi)始

定語(yǔ)從句省略引導(dǎo)詞

主句：The pictures ...were...

-ing 令人……的

Sorry,it's my fault

faulty adj.有錯(cuò)誤的

be going to 將要

put sth.right 把某物放正確

it 指代 NASA

send up 往上送

The shuttle Endeavour 主語(yǔ)，可能是交通工具

robot-arm :arm 手臂

hold it 抓住它

repairs 修理

above 在...上面(懸空的)

NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration 國(guó)家航空航天局

astronaut n. 飛行員

atmosphere

distant galaxies

stars 星星

a great deal (of) 大量(的)

by the time 到那時(shí)

everytime 每當(dāng)

by the time you read this 到你讀這篇文章的時(shí)候

will have done 將來(lái)完成式

thousands and thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)的

Hubble telescope 被人類送上天空的一種儀器

space 宇宙

launch 送進(jìn)

disppinting 令人失望

astronaut 宇航員

robot-arm 機(jī)器人手臂

閱讀：

1.克服害怕的心理

2.學(xué)會(huì)理解單詞的含義

3.科普性文章的理解題在原文中尋找答案

Comprehension

1...because...

Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble .The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!

Answer B

2.The Hubble telescope____

The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.

Answer:A

Structure

5...the telescope_____....

A robot-arm fromnthe Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.

for sb.to do sth 基本結(jié)構(gòu)

Answer :A

so that + 句子

so long as + 句子：表示只要

which + 句子

Vocabulary

11...the Hubble____

had problems 有問(wèn)題

requires repairs 需要修理

There was a problem with its main mirror.

What's the trouble with you?

problem with sth.

Answer D

1.problem=question

2.problem=trouble

12..The Hubble is____....

Answer D

above 在……之上(凌空)

above the earth's atmosphere 在大氣層的上方

【Key Structures】

1.將來(lái)完成時(shí)　will have done

2.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)　will be doing

3.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)　will have been doing

4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)　have been doing

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：

從某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生，一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)的某一點(diǎn)，并且還將可能延續(xù)下去

It has been raining....

We will have been learning book2...

區(qū)別：

1.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：事情在將來(lái)發(fā)生

2.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：等同于一般將來(lái)時(shí)

3.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)作的結(jié)束

4.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間動(dòng)作可能結(jié)束或延續(xù)

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí): had been doing

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：到過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間為止動(dòng)作一直在延續(xù)

Eg.:His father had dead...

Eg.:His father had been waiting for his son until he came back.

Eg.:Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope will have done 到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，動(dòng)作完成

Eg.:By Friday midday,they will ahve been working on it for seven days.

work on sth.　關(guān)于……的工作

到將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，動(dòng)作延續(xù)

【Special dificulties】

cost,price,value : noun &verbs

Nouns :price 價(jià)格;　cost 費(fèi)用 ; value 價(jià)值

at the cost of 以……的費(fèi)用

Verbs:price sth.打聽(tīng)……的價(jià)格，并比較

cost 花費(fèi)　sth cost money

value sth 認(rèn)為……有價(jià)值

Eg.:Value your time!

Eg.:I value your advice.

value sth. owned by oneself　敝帚自珍

Exercise

1...in the (price,cost,value)of living.

sharp rise 大幅上升的

living 生活

the cost of living 生活的費(fèi)用

2...asks me the (price,cost,value)

price 價(jià)格

3....you will (price ,cost,value)it more.

value 表示認(rèn)為有價(jià)值

4...The house(value,cost,priced)

fortune 一大筆財(cái)富

cost 花費(fèi)

5...(price,cost,value)....

enormouse 巨大的

community 社區(qū)，社會(huì)

value 價(jià)值

of great (enormouse)value 有巨大的價(jià)值

6.Jane has (value,cost,priced)

alternative 另外的

recommend 推薦

price sth.比較價(jià)格

7..(price,cost ,value)...

towards = to

the cost of rebuilding 重建費(fèi)用

過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)　had been doing