新概念英語第二冊(cè)詳解第62課:After the fire
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What was the danger to the villages after the fire?
Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
control n. 控制
smoke n. 煙
desolate adj. 荒涼的
threaten v. 威脅
surrounding adj. 周圍的
destruction n. 破壞，毀滅
flood n. 洪水，水災(zāi)
authority n. (常用復(fù)數(shù))當(dāng)局
grass-seed n. 草籽
spray v. 噴撒
quantity n. 量
root n. 根
century n. 世紀(jì)
patch n. 小片
blacken v. 變黑，發(fā)暗
參考譯文
消防隊(duì)員們同那場(chǎng)森林大火搏斗了將近3個(gè)星期才最后把火勢(shì)控制住。就在不久之前，參天大樹還覆蓋著方圓數(shù)英里的土地。而現(xiàn)在，發(fā)熱的地面上仍然升騰著煙霧，彌漫在荒涼的山丘上。冬季即將來臨，這些山丘對(duì)周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅，因?yàn)榇笥瓴粌H會(huì)沖走土壤，而且還會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)。在大火最后被撲滅后，森林管理當(dāng)局訂購(gòu)了好幾噸一種生長(zhǎng)迅速的特殊類型的草籽。飛機(jī)把這種草籽大量地撒播在地上。飛機(jī)撒播近一個(gè)月后，開始下起雨來。然而到那時(shí)，很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根。一片片的綠草開始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上，代替了多少世紀(jì)以來一直生長(zhǎng)在那里的參天大樹。
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1.under control,受到控制。
get it under control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”的含義：
You'd better get your dog under control.
你最好管住你的狗。
The Government can no longer keep prices under control.政府已控制不住物價(jià)。
2.for miles around,方圓數(shù)英里。
around表示“在周圍”、“向四周”：
This is the only modern building for miles around.
方圓數(shù)英里之內(nèi)這是惟一的一座現(xiàn)代化建筑。
3.Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction…冬季即將來臨，這些山丘對(duì)周圍的村莊具有毀滅性的威脅……
(1)come on的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示的是過去將來時(shí)，它在這里表示季節(jié)的“到來”、“來臨”：
When spring comes on, there will be flowers everywhere.
春天到來時(shí)到處都是鮮花。
I was still in the forest when night came on.
夜晚來臨時(shí)我仍在森林里。
(2)threaten…with表示“以……威脅/恐嚇”：
The thief threatened him with a knife.
小偷用刀子威脅他。
Then whole village is threatened with destruction.
整個(gè)村子面臨著毀滅的威脅。
4.…for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.……因?yàn)榇笥瓴粌H會(huì)沖走土壤，而且還會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)。
(1)for引導(dǎo)的句子與前面的兩個(gè)分句為并列句，用于陳述原因。heavy rain這個(gè)主語之后是由not only… but… as well連接的兩個(gè)謂語。與并列連詞 not only…but(also)的含義一樣，not only…but…as well也表示“不僅……而且……”，用于連接并列句，只是as well通常位于句尾。試比較：
He not only washed the car, but (also) polished it.
他不僅沖洗汽車，而且擦拭了它。
He not only washed the car, but polished it as well.
(譯文同上)
(2)wash away表示“沖掉”、“沖走”或“洗掉”等：
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.
一座木橋被洪水沖走了。
I can't wash the spot away.
我無法把這污點(diǎn)洗去。
5.in huge quantities,大量地。
quantity單數(shù)時(shí)僅表示“數(shù)量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：
They drank a large/great/small quantity of beer last night.
昨天晚上他們喝了大量/許多/少量的啤酒。
quantity復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)表示“大量”：
He bought books in (large) quantities.
他大量地購(gòu)書。
He has quantities of books/stamps.
他有大量的書/郵票。
6.… in many places the grass had already taken root.……很多地方的草已經(jīng)生了根。
take root表示“生根”，是固定短語：
This type of grass takes root easily.
這種草很容易生根。
這個(gè)短語也可以表示某種思想/想法等“扎根”：
The idea has taken root in his mind.
這個(gè)想法已在他腦子里扎了根。
7.In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.一片片的綠草開始出現(xiàn)在這片燒焦的土地上，代替了多少世紀(jì)以來一直生長(zhǎng)在那里的參天大樹。
(1)in place of表示“代替”、“取代”：
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.
簡(jiǎn)代替瑪麗接了電話。
(2)介詞短語 in place of的賓語是trees。trees有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的關(guān)系從句，which在從句中作主語，不可省略;從句中的時(shí)態(tài)為過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(cf.本課語法)
(3)patch的含義之一是“顏色和周圍不同的部分”：
There are patches of cloud in the sky.
天空中有片片白云。
What is that yellow patch on the wall?
墻上那塊黃斑是什么?
(4)blackened為過去分詞，作形容詞用，表示“變黑了的”、“燒焦的”：
The smoke has blackened the walls.
煙把墻熏黑了。
語法 Grammar in use
1.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (The past perfect progressive tense)構(gòu)成： had been+現(xiàn)在分詞
(1)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用于強(qiáng)調(diào)某動(dòng)作在過去更早的某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，并對(duì)過去某一時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。與它經(jīng)常連用的表示時(shí)間的詞有before, for, since, all day等：
She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.
她很累了。她整天都在打信件。
(2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示過去經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作：Jill was angry. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week.
吉爾生氣了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都給她打電話。
(3)它還可以表示根據(jù)直接或間接的證據(jù)而得出結(jié)論：Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying.她的眼睛紅了。顯然她剛哭過。
(4)在包含間接引語的句子中，如果引述詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)，則現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)要改為過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(cf.第15課語法)：
2.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的比較
過去完成時(shí)在第14課與第38課的語法中已經(jīng)學(xué)過。它與過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可以替換使用：
Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.
我第一次遇見丹時(shí)，他已在該公司干了15年了。
需要表示某個(gè)工作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)，只能用過去完成時(shí)：
When I got home, I found that Jill had been painting her room.
我回到家時(shí)，看見吉爾在粉刷她的房間。(工作尚未完成)
When I got home, I found that Jill had painted her room.
我回到家時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)吉爾已經(jīng)粉刷過她的房間了。(已完成)
When I arrived, they'd already put the fire out.
我到達(dá)時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)把火撲滅了。(不可用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.control與check
(1)control (vt.) 表示“指揮”、“控制”、“支配”、“管理”等：The Bentons control this firm.
本頓一家控制著這家公司。
Don't try to control other people.
不要試圖指揮/控制他人。
control(n.)表示“控制(能力)”、“支配(能力)”等：
They finally got the fire under control.
他們最終控制住了火勢(shì)。
It's hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control.
很難控制住進(jìn)入這個(gè)國(guó)家的人數(shù)。
(2)check(vt.)表示“檢查”、“查看”：
They're going to check our passports.
他們將要查看我們的護(hù)照。
Check the fire before you leave.
離開之前檢查一下火。
2.great與big
它們都有“大”的意思，但great通常與重要性有關(guān)，表示“偉大的”、“重大的”、“重要的”等含義，big則較為口語化，表示體積、規(guī)模等方面的“大”：
Frank has just made a great decision.
弗蘭克剛作出一項(xiàng)重大決定。
This picture is said to be painted by a great painter.
據(jù)說這幅畫是一位偉大的畫家畫的。(不可用big)
Sam is a big man.
薩姆是個(gè)大塊頭。
Your house is bigger than mine.
你家的房子比我家的大。(不可用great)
3.soil與ground
soil主要用于指“土”、“土地”、“土壤”：
Heavy rain will wash away the soil from desolate hills.
大雨將把泥土從荒涼的山丘上沖走。
Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.
草木在肥沃的土壤里生長(zhǎng)迅速。
ground含義較廣。它除了可以表示“土地”、“土壤”外，還可以表示“地面”、“場(chǎng)地”等：
Don't sit on the ground.
不要坐在地上。
He threw the cup to the ground.
他把杯子摔到地上。
There is a football ground in our university.
我們大學(xué)里有一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A What had happened: had covered (1. 3); had…been put out (11.7-8); had already taken not (11.10-11); had begun(1.12)
What had been happening: had been fighting (1. 1); had been planting (11.9-10); had been growing (1.11)
C (had) discovered…appeared; had taken part…died; happened… claimed… had died; had been searching… was/had been found
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 checked 2 soil 3 checked 4 great
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 a 2 d 3 d 4 c 5 d 6 c
7 c 8 b 9 d 10 a 11 d 12 b
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語
★control n. 控制
control sth.(v.)控制...
I can control it.
I can manage it (口)
介詞短語：
in control 在控制之內(nèi)
under control 在控制之下，被控制
out of control 失控
arrest 逮捕
under arrest 被逮捕
★smoke n. 煙
smoke:(v.)吸煙
Don't smoke
No smoking.
cigarette,cigar :(n.)香煙
smoke :(n.)煙霧
full of smoke
名詞加-y，變?yōu)樾稳菰~
smokey:(a.)多煙的
smokey area :吸煙區(qū)
nonsmokey area :吸煙區(qū)
heavy smoker:煙癮重的人
★desolate adj. 荒涼的
lonely :孤獨(dú)的;荒涼的，偏僻的
desolate:荒涼的，極度孤獨(dú)的
★threaten v. 威脅
threaten to do :威脅著要做...
threaten sb.with sth:以什么來威脅某人
It threatened to rain 有跡象表明天要下雨了
★surrounding adj. 周圍的
surrounds:環(huán)境(在周邊的事物)
atmosphere:大氣層，氛圍(在周邊的人文環(huán)境)
★destruction n. 破壞，毀滅
destroy :(v.)破壞
destructive:毀滅性的
construction :建設(shè)，建筑
build:建設(shè)(具體的建某物)
construct:建設(shè)(為...創(chuàng)造更好的條件)
constructive 建設(shè)性的意見
★flood n. 洪水，水災(zāi)
flood ,floods
★authority n. (常用復(fù)數(shù))當(dāng)局
authorities
★grass-seed n. 草籽
★spray v. 噴撒
spray sth.over/on
★quantity n. 量
quality :質(zhì)量
quantity:數(shù)量
sth.with good quality
quantities of :大量的
★root n. 根
root of:...的根
What is the root cause?
take root:生根
come out :長(zhǎng)出來
shoot :芽
get out :出去
★century n. 世紀(jì)
★patch n. 小片
a patch of :一小片
patches of :許多片
piece :片，塊
patch :(平面上的)一片，補(bǔ)丁
★blacken v. 變黑，發(fā)暗
-en --表示動(dòng)詞
weak :虛弱的
weaken :使...變?nèi)?，削?/p>
復(fù)合詞?。篺ireman
派生詞：(前綴，后綴)
-tion … 名詞
-less … 形容詞
【課文講解】
fireman had been fighting the forest fire
fight sth.:和...搏斗
get + 賓語+介詞短語 ……作賓補(bǔ)
for miles around 方圓幾英里
a short time before --從過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間算起，一段時(shí)間以前
a short time ago --從現(xiàn)在算起，一段時(shí)間以前
都可以放在段時(shí)間之后
rose up(from):升上來
over the desolate hills ：(煙，霧)彌漫
Winter was coming on 季節(jié)的來臨
threaten sb.with sth. 有..跡象
serious :嚴(yán)重的
put out :撲滅
several tons of a special type of grass-seed
was sprayed over the ground 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
in huge quantities --介詞短語作狀語，"大量的"
take root :生根
in place of :替代(只能指代位置、空間)原來放的東西，現(xiàn)在不在了
in stead of ：替代+沒做的事
【Key structures】
過去完成時(shí)……這個(gè)動(dòng)作在過去的過去
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)……這個(gè)動(dòng)作非但從過去的過去開始，而且是延續(xù)的
【Special difficulties】
Great ：大的(強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性)
Big:大的(強(qiáng)調(diào)面積、體積上的)
Soil:泥土(能讓植物生長(zhǎng)的)
Ground：地表，地面
【Multiple choice questions】
6...
花費(fèi)?。喝绻侨俗髦髡Z用spend
用時(shí)間表達(dá)用take
9...
A.weights weigh 重量
B.measures 測(cè)量
C.tons 噸 several tons
D.amounts large amounts 大量的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞
11...
patches 許多塊
everywhere 每一寸土地上都長(zhǎng)著東西
here and there 這一塊，那一塊，很多塊，不一定是每一寸
【Dummary writing】
2.
now that 既然
which 定語從句
Now that all the great trees had been burnt,there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which would destroy the surrounding village.
3. To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seend which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.
4.by the time (that) 到...時(shí)候?yàn)橹?應(yīng)理解為 before
By the time it began to rain,the grass had taken root in the soil.
