<例句>
There is a rainbow in the sky.
天上有一道彩虹。
<語法分析>
there引導的是一種特殊的句子,there放在句首,真正的主語在后面,可以表示“有......”。動詞通常和主語保持一致,如果有兩個或更多主語時,動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致。there引導的句子大部分都以be作謂語動詞,可用于各種時態(tài),there可以和to be或being一起用。there后面可跟由情態(tài)動詞和be構成的復合謂語,也可以是由不定式構成的復合謂語。
<觸類旁通>
(1)There's a car coming.
有一輛車開過來了。
語法分析:there常和后面的動詞be或助動詞構成緊縮形式。
(2)How many new words are there in the text?
這篇課文有多少生詞?
語法分析:在構成問句時,there也起主語的作用,但真正的主語在后面。
(3)What was there to be afraid of?
有什么可害怕的?
語法分析:在主語后面有時可以有修飾語。
(4)I expect there to be no argument about this.
我預計對這一點不會有爭議的。
語法分析:there和to be一起用。
(5)There being nothing else to do,we went home.
由于沒有別的事情,我們就回家了。
語法分析:there和being一起用。
(6)There ought to be a comma here.
這兒應當有個逗號。
語法分析:there后面可跟由情態(tài)動詞和be構成的復合謂語。
(7)There's sure to be a restaurant around.
附近一定有餐館。
語法分析:不定式也可以構成復合謂語。
(8)There came a knock at the door.
有人敲門。
語法分析:there后面有時可跟不及物動詞。
<鞏固練習>
(1)There _____[be] five chairs round the table.
(2)There _____[be] a sofa and two armchairs.
(3)There _____[be] one or two chaps there.
(4)There're six people _____[come] to dinner.
(5)There were many things _____[be] done.
(6)There are bound _____[be] controversial questions.
<參考答案>
(1)are (2)is (3)are (4)coming (5)to be (6)to be