<例句>
The plane,which is usually very punctual,was late today.
這班飛機(jī)通常很準(zhǔn)時,不過今天卻晚點(diǎn)了。
<語法分析>
這個句子為典型的非限制性定語從句??梢钥闯鲞@類從句對所修飾的都有詞沒有限制詞義的作用,只是一些補(bǔ)充性的說明,而且通常都有逗號把它和句子的其他部分隔開,多譯成一個并列句。把從句拿掉以
后,對句子的剩下部分沒有太大的影響。我們把which is usually very punctual拿掉以后,句子就變成了The plane was late today.意思仍很完整,合乎語法。需要留意的是,在這類從句中不可用關(guān)系
代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why,也不可以把其他的關(guān)系副詞給省略掉,此類從句多用于書面語中。
<觸類旁通>
(1)Tom,who had been driving all night,suggested stopping at the next town.
湯姆開了一夜的車,建議在下一個鎮(zhèn)子上停下來。
語法分析:簡單、合乎規(guī)范的句子。
(2)The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by old men.
公共汽車大部分都已載滿了乘客,周圍是一群老人。
語法分析:在非限制性定語從句中,which和whom常可以與of或其他介詞連用。
(3)I drank beer,which made me fat.
我喝啤酒,這使我的身體發(fā)胖了。
語法分析:which不代表一個名詞,而代表了前面句子的全部或者部分意思。
(4)Such money as he earned was spent on his girl friend.
他掙的那點(diǎn)錢都花在了他女朋友身上。
語法分析:as用作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,主要和such連用,也可單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個從句。
(5)Surely there isn't a teacher but faces this problem.
可以確定,凡是老師都會面臨這個問題。
語法分析:but作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。
(6)I've set a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period.
我定了一個辦法,你可以照此分期付款。
語法分析:whereby引導(dǎo)一個定語從句,其意思等于by which,類似用法還有wherein和whereupon等。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1)She returned with _____ provisions _____ were needed.
(2)He hoped to give me a chance _____ nobody else ever had.
(3)There is no tree _____ bears some fruits.
(4)This is Mr.Smith,_____ I was working,was very generous.
(5)She changed her mind,_____ made me very angry.
(6)He is a teacher,_____ is clear from his manner.
<參考答案>
(1)such...as (2)such as (3)out (4)for whom (5)which (6)as