《孫子兵法》第40期:第七章 軍爭(2)

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軍爭篇 NO.2：

故軍爭為利，軍爭為危。

舉軍而爭利則不及，委軍而爭利則輜重捐。

是故卷甲而趨，日夜不處，倍道兼行，百里而爭利，則擒三軍將，

勁者先，疲者后，其法十一而至;

五十里而爭利，則蹶上將軍，其法半至;

三十里而爭利，則三分之二至。

是故軍無輜重則亡，無糧食則亡，無委積則亡。

這句啥意思：

“軍爭”為了有利，但“軍爭”也有危險。

帶著全部輜重去爭利，就會影響行軍速度，不能先敵到達戰(zhàn)地;丟下輜重輕裝去爭利，裝備輜重就會損失。

卷甲急進，白天黑夜不休息地急行軍，奔跑百里去爭利，則三軍的將領(lǐng)有可能會被俘獲。

健壯的士兵能夠先到戰(zhàn)場，疲憊的士兵必然落后，只有十分之一的人馬如期到達;

強行軍五十里去爭利，先頭部隊的主將必然受挫，而軍士一般僅有一半如期到達;

強行軍三十里去爭利，一般只有三分之二的人馬如期到達。

這樣，部隊沒有輜重就不能生存，沒有糧食供應(yīng)就不能生存，沒有戰(zhàn)備物資儲備就無以生存。

英文這么說：

Maneuvering with an army is advantageous;with an undisciplined multitude, most dangerous.

If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage, the chances arethat you will be too late. On the other hand, to detach a flying column for the purposeinvolves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores.

Thus, if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats, and make forced marches withouthalting day or night, covering double the usual distance at a stretch,doing a hundred LI inorder to wrest an advantage,the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of theenemy.

The stronger men will be in front, the jaded ones will fall behind, and on this plan only one-tenth of your army will reach its destination.

If you march fifty LI in order to outmaneuver the enemy, you will lose the leader of your firstdivision,and only half your force will reach the goal.

If you march thirty LI with the same object,two-thirds of your army will arrive.

We may take it then that an army without its baggage-train is lost; without provisions it islost;without bases of supply it is lost.

“危與利”的古語智慧

唯物主義認為，任何事情都具有兩面性，即有危害性的一面，也有有利的一面，“危”和“利”貫穿于整個事物發(fā)展的過程，是辯證統(tǒng)一的。戰(zhàn)爭同樣也是有利的一面，也有危害型的一面，因此將帥必須有效分析兩軍對峙，相互制約時，不管敵我雙方的任何一方“利”和“危”兩面都要分析，也就是“知己知彼”。當“利”和“危”都作相應(yīng)分析之后，要想方設(shè)法讓兩者相互轉(zhuǎn)化，目的在于各種戰(zhàn)術(shù)都對我方有利，減少和避開危害。這樣辯證統(tǒng)一的分析解決問題是客觀而科學(xué)的。