《孫子兵法》第66期:第十一章 九地(5)

九地篇 NO.5：
將軍之事，靜以幽，正以治。
能愚士卒之耳目，使之無(wú)知;
易其事，革其謀，使人無(wú)識(shí);
易其居，迂其途，使民不得慮。
帥與之期，如登高而去其梯;
帥與之深入諸侯之地，而發(fā)其機(jī)。
焚舟破釜，若驅(qū)群羊，驅(qū)而往，驅(qū)而來(lái)，莫知所之。
聚三軍之眾，投之于險(xiǎn)，此謂將軍之事也。
九地之變，屈伸之利，人情之理，不可不察也。
這句啥意思：
主持軍事行動(dòng)，要做到考慮謀略沉著冷靜而幽深莫測(cè)，管理部隊(duì)公正嚴(yán)明而有條不紊。
要能蒙蔽士卒的視聽(tīng)，使他們對(duì)于軍事行動(dòng)毫無(wú)所知;
變更作戰(zhàn)部署，改變?cè)ㄓ?jì)劃，使人無(wú)法識(shí)破真相;
不時(shí)變換駐地，故意迂回前進(jìn)，使人無(wú)從推測(cè)意圖。
將帥向軍隊(duì)賦予作戰(zhàn)任務(wù)，要象使其登高而抽去梯子一樣。
將帥率領(lǐng)士卒深入諸侯國(guó)土，要象弩機(jī)發(fā)出的箭一樣一往無(wú)前。
對(duì)待士卒要能如驅(qū)趕羊群一樣，趕過(guò)去又趕過(guò)來(lái)，使他們不知道要到哪里去。
集結(jié)全軍，把他們置于險(xiǎn)境，這就是統(tǒng)帥軍隊(duì)的要點(diǎn)。
九種地形的應(yīng)變處置，攻防進(jìn)退的利害得失，全軍上下的心理狀態(tài)，這些都是作為將帥不能不認(rèn)真研究和周密考察。
英文這么說(shuō)：
It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thusmaintain order.
He must be able to mystify his officers and men by false reports and appearances, and thuskeep them in total ignorance.
By altering his arrangements and changing his plans, he keeps the enemy without definiteknowledge.
By shifting his camp and taking circuitous routes,he prevents the enemy from anticipating hispurpose.
At the critical moment, the leader of an army acts like one who has climbed up a height andthen kicks away the ladder behind him.
He carries his men deep into hostile territory before he shows his hand.
He burns his boats and breaks his cooking-pots;like a shepherd driving a flock of sheep,
he drives his men this way and that, and nothing knows whether he is going.
To muster his host and bring it into danger:--this may be termed the business of the general.
The different measures suited to the nine varieties of ground; the expediency of aggressiveor defensive tactics;
and the fundamental laws of human nature:these are things that must most certainly bestudied.
單句理解：
孫子在這里提出的其實(shí)是一種“愚兵”思想。軍人的天職是服從，因此他們應(yīng)當(dāng)知道的是“做什么”而不是“為什么”。既然如此，將帥的軍事計(jì)劃就沒(méi)有必要讓士卒們知道。只有這樣，將帥才能根據(jù)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的實(shí)際需要隨機(jī)地改變軍事目標(biāo)和作戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃，而且能夠使這些計(jì)劃得以順利執(zhí)行。