https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0009/9202/67.mp3
https://image.tingclass.net/statics/js/2012
九地篇 NO.6:
凡為客之道,深則專,淺則散。
去國(guó)越境而師者,絕地也;
四通者,衢地也;入深者,重地也;入淺者,輕地也;背固前隘者,圍地也;無(wú)所往者,死地也。
是故散地,吾將一其志;輕地,吾將使之屬;爭(zhēng)地,吾將趨其后;交地,吾將謹(jǐn)其守;衢地,吾將固其結(jié);
重地吾將繼其食,圮地,吾將進(jìn)其途;圍地,吾將塞其闕;死地,吾將示之以不活。
故兵之情:圍則御,不得已則斗,過(guò)則從。
這句啥意思:
在敵國(guó)境內(nèi)作戰(zhàn)的規(guī)律是:深入敵境則軍心穩(wěn)固,淺入敵境則軍心容易渙散。
進(jìn)入敵境進(jìn)行作戰(zhàn)的稱為絕地;
四通八達(dá)的地區(qū)叫做衢地;
進(jìn)入敵境縱深的地區(qū)叫做重地;
進(jìn)入敵境淺的地區(qū)叫做輕地;
背有險(xiǎn)阻前有隘路的地區(qū)叫圍地;
無(wú)路可走的地區(qū)就是死地。
因此,在散地,要統(tǒng)一軍隊(duì)意志;
在輕地,要使?fàn)I陣緊密相連;
在爭(zhēng)地,要迅速出兵抄到敵人的后面;
在交地,就要謹(jǐn)慎防守;
在衢地,就要鞏固與列國(guó)的結(jié)盟;
入重地,就要保障軍糧供應(yīng);
在圮地,就必須迅速通過(guò);
陷入圍地,就要堵塞缺口;
到了死地,就要顯示死戰(zhàn)的決心。
所以,士卒的心理狀態(tài)是:陷入包圍就會(huì)竭力抵抗,形勢(shì)逼迫就會(huì)拚死戰(zhàn)斗,身處絕境就會(huì)聽(tīng)從指揮。
英文這么說(shuō):
When invading hostile territory, the general principle is,that penetrating deeply bringscohesion;penetrating but a short way means dispersion.
When you leave your own country behind, and take your army across neighborhood territory,you find yourself on critical ground.
When there are means of communication on all four sides, the ground is one of intersectinghighways.
When you penetrate deeply into a country, it is serious ground.
When you penetrate but a little way,it is facile ground.
When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear,and narrow passes in front, it ishemmed-in ground.
When there is no place of refuge at all, it is desperate ground.
Therefore, on dispersive ground, I would inspire my men with unity of purpose.
On facile ground, I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army.
On contentious ground, I would hurry up my rear.
On open ground, I would keep a vigilant eye on my defenses.
On ground of intersecting highways,I would consolidate my alliances.
On serious ground, I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies.
On difficult ground,I would keep pushing on along the road.
On hemmed-in ground, I would block any way of retreat.
On desperate ground, I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives.
For it is the soldier's disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded,
to fight hard when he cannot help himself, and to obey promptly when he has fallen intodanger.
單句理解:
在軍事上,一般說(shuō)來(lái),深入敵國(guó)作戰(zhàn)為“客”,在本土防御為“主”。孫子主張深入敵國(guó)腹地作戰(zhàn),他認(rèn)為這樣不僅能使士卒心智專一,聽(tīng)從指揮,而且還不至于被敵人擊敗。“為客之道”,就要尋找敵人防御的漏洞,乘機(jī)插入地方腹地攻其要害,控制地方指揮系統(tǒng),變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng),爭(zhēng)取掌握戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)主動(dòng)權(quán)的謀略。盡量想辦法鉆空子,插腳進(jìn)去,控制它的首腦機(jī)關(guān)或者要害部位,抓住有利時(shí)機(jī),兼并或者控制他人
為客之道包含以下幾種含義:
一、先發(fā)制人,變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。當(dāng)我們處于被動(dòng)或弱小的情況下,便積極采取首先發(fā)動(dòng)進(jìn)攻的方法來(lái)爭(zhēng)取主動(dòng),制服對(duì)方。在軍事上,一般情況都是“先發(fā)制人,后發(fā)制于人”,只有先下手,壓制住對(duì)手,才能變被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。
二、轉(zhuǎn)攻為守,變主動(dòng)為被動(dòng)。為“客”的遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái),不僅會(huì)因長(zhǎng)途跋涉而疲勞不堪,還會(huì)因遠(yuǎn)離根據(jù)地而供應(yīng)困難。而被稱為“主”的一方因?yàn)橐砸荽齽冢瑒t“飽有余”。如果我們?cè)瓉?lái)是“客”方,為了改變這種不利的局面,就要變客為主。其方法是挑動(dòng)敵人來(lái)向我進(jìn)攻,而我們則轉(zhuǎn)攻為守。這樣一來(lái),既達(dá)到了同敵人交戰(zhàn)的目的,又將有利的條件留給我們自己,將不利的條件轉(zhuǎn)給了對(duì)方。
三、喧賓奪主,取代主任位置。就是在對(duì)方有機(jī)可乘的時(shí)候,先插進(jìn)一只腳,然后慢慢地用力把對(duì)方擠出去,自己取而代之,稱為其主任。
四、兼并盟軍,為自己所有。一般是接著援助盟軍的機(jī)會(huì),打入盟軍內(nèi)部,待站穩(wěn)腳跟后,再步步為營(yíng),逐漸地支配和控制盟軍,最后穩(wěn)步順手把大權(quán)奪過(guò)來(lái),這是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程。
另外在敵國(guó)富饒的地區(qū)作戰(zhàn),可以使軍隊(duì)獲得充足的給養(yǎng),從而為取得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利提供必要的保障。