國(guó)際關(guān)系英語(yǔ)詞匯大全Unit 67

　　Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

　　1.理查德·尼克松

　　理查德·米爾豪斯·尼克松(1913年1月9日-1994年4月22日)是一位美國(guó)政治家，曾于1969年至1974年擔(dān)任第37任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，1974年時(shí)成為該國(guó)歷史上第一位在任期內(nèi)辭職的總統(tǒng)，也是截止2014年5月上旬唯一一位辭職的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。尼克松曾于1953至1961年擔(dān)任第36任美國(guó)副總統(tǒng)，還曾任加利福尼亞州的聯(lián)邦眾議員和聯(lián)邦參議員。

　　2.Nixon Doctrine

　　The Nixon Doctrine (also known as the Guam Doctrine) was put forth during a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by U.S. President Richard Nixon and later formalized in his speech on Vietnamization on November 3 1969. According to Gregg Brazinsky, Nixon stated that "the United States would assist in the defense and developments of allies and friends," but would not "undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world." This doctrine meant that each ally nation was in charge of its own security in general, but the United States would act as a nuclear umbrella when requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. The Nixon Doctrine implied the intentions of Richard Nixon shifting the direction on international policies in Asia, especially aiming for "Vietnamization of the Vietnam War."

　　2.尼克松主義

　　尼克松總統(tǒng)制訂的收縮美國(guó)全球義務(wù)，調(diào)整國(guó)際關(guān)系的外交新方針。20世紀(jì)60年代中期，美蘇冷戰(zhàn)加劇，第二世界力量增長(zhǎng)、尤其是第三世界崛起，美國(guó)陷入越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，以及國(guó)內(nèi)多種危機(jī)進(jìn)發(fā)，尼克松主義應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。其要點(diǎn)是：越戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，美國(guó)仍將發(fā)揮重要作用，并格守業(yè)已承擔(dān)的條約義務(wù)。但除非受到核大國(guó)的威脅，美將鼓勵(lì)其亞洲盟友自己承擔(dān)國(guó)內(nèi)安全和軍事防務(wù)的責(zé)任，而美則避免卷入越南式的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

　　3.Winston Churchill

　　Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill KG, OM, CH, TD, DL, FRS, RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer (as Winston S. Churchill), and an artist. Churchill is the only British Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature since its inception in 1901, and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.

　　3.溫斯頓·丘吉爾

　　溫斯頓·倫納德·斯賓塞·邱吉爾爵士，KG，OM，CH，TD，F(xiàn)RS，PC (Can)(1874年11月30日-1965年1月24日)，英國(guó)政治家、演說(shuō)家、軍事家和作家，曾于1940年至1945年出任英國(guó)首相，任期內(nèi)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國(guó)在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中聯(lián)合美國(guó)等國(guó)家對(duì)抗德國(guó)，并取得了最終勝利，并自1951年至1955年再度出任英國(guó)首相。丘吉爾被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最重要的政治領(lǐng)袖之一，對(duì)英國(guó)乃至于世界均影響深遠(yuǎn)。此外，他在文學(xué)上也有很高的成就，曾于1953年獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在2002年，BBC舉行了一個(gè)名為“最偉大的100名英國(guó)人”的調(diào)查，結(jié)果丘吉爾獲選為有史以來(lái)最偉大的英國(guó)人。