萬(wàn)物簡(jiǎn)史 第91期:敲石頭的人們(23)

In the course of a long career (he lived till 1907 andthe age of eighty-three), he wrote 661 papers,accumulated 69 patents (from which he grewabundantly wealthy), and gained renown in nearlyevery branch of the physical sciences.

在漫長(zhǎng)的生涯里(他活到1907年，享年83歲)，他寫(xiě)了661篇論文，總共獲得69項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利(因此變得很富裕)，在物理學(xué)的差不多每個(gè)學(xué)科都享有盛譽(yù)。

Among much else, he suggested the method that led directly to the invention of refrigeration,devised the scale of absolute temperature that still bears his name, invented the boostingdevices that allowed telegrams to be sent across oceans, and made innumerable improvementsto shipping and navigation, from the invention of a popular marine compass to the creationof the first depth sounder. And those were merely his practical achievements.

其中，他提出一個(gè)方法，后來(lái)直接導(dǎo)致制冷技術(shù)的發(fā)明;設(shè)計(jì)了絕對(duì)溫標(biāo)，至今仍冠以他的名字;發(fā)明了增壓裝置，使越洋發(fā)送電報(bào)成為可能;還對(duì)海運(yùn)和航海作了無(wú)數(shù)改進(jìn)，從發(fā)明一個(gè)深受歡迎的航海羅盤(pán)，到創(chuàng)造第一個(gè)深度探測(cè)器。這些只是他有實(shí)用價(jià)值的成果。

His theoretical work, in electromagnetism, thermodynamics, and the wave theory of light, wasequally revolutionary.

他在電磁學(xué)、熱力學(xué)和光的波動(dòng)等理論方面的成果同樣是革命性的。